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J. Nanotheranostics, Volume 5, Issue 2 (June 2024) – 2 articles

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15 pages, 582 KiB  
Review
Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanoparticles to Enhance Radiation Therapy for Cancer: A Literature Review
by Masao Nakayama, Hiroaki Akasaka, Ryohei Sasaki and Moshi Geso
J. Nanotheranostics 2024, 5(2), 60-74; https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt5020004 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 1069
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been investigated as one of the potential dose enhancement agents for radiation therapy. The role of TiO2 NPs as a photodynamic sensitiser has been well documented, but its sensitisation with X-rays is not highlighted. Unlike [...] Read more.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been investigated as one of the potential dose enhancement agents for radiation therapy. The role of TiO2 NPs as a photodynamic sensitiser has been well documented, but its sensitisation with X-rays is not highlighted. Unlike other metal NPs, such as gold NPs, the main challenge for TiO2 NPs as radiosensitisers is their low atomic number, resulting in a small cross-section for X-rays. This review summarises the results of current research in this area to explore the dose enhancement inflicted by TiO2 NPs, which could potentially be of great value in improving radiation therapy efficiency. Full article
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31 pages, 7679 KiB  
Review
Unlocking the Potential of Gold as Nanomedicine in Cancer Immunotherapy
by Panangattukara Prabhakaran Praveen Kumar, Maggie Lee and Taeho Kim
J. Nanotheranostics 2024, 5(2), 29-59; https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt5020003 - 30 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
Nanotechnology advancements have resulted in many sensors and devices for biomedical applications. Among the various nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their size, shape, biocompatibility, and unique plasmonic property, are an excellent candidate for many biomedical applications. AuNPs, known for their easy surface [...] Read more.
Nanotechnology advancements have resulted in many sensors and devices for biomedical applications. Among the various nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their size, shape, biocompatibility, and unique plasmonic property, are an excellent candidate for many biomedical applications. AuNPs, known for their easy surface modifications, robust nature, and photothermal activities, find application in drug delivery and cancer treatment studies. In this review, we are highlighting the recent trends in using AuNPs as nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer immunotherapy not only eliminates the primary tumors but also allows for the treatment of metastasis along with the recurrence of the tumor. AuNPs possess tissue-specific delivery functions that depend on the tunability in size and surface functionalization of AuNPs. AuNPs can be used to activate the tumor’s immune defense ability, or they can be used to enhance the anti-tumor immune response. Understanding the interaction of the tumor environment and nanobiomedicine is very important. In the present review, we give an idea of the mode of action of AuNPs and various combinations of therapies for cancer immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventional Nanotheranostics for Translational Nano-Immunotherapy)
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