Uncovering Cognitive Distortions in Adolescents: Cultural Adaptation and Calibration of an Arabic Version of the “How I Think Questionnaire”
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Sample Size
2.4. Data Collection and Procedures
2.5. Mesures
2.5.1. How I Think Questionnaire (HIT-Q)
2.5.2. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Arabic Version)
2.5.3. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (Arabic Version)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Exploratory Factor Analysis
3.3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
3.3.1. Construct Validity Evidence of the Arabic-HIT-Q
3.3.2. Reliability Analysis of Arabic-HIT-Q
3.3.3. Criterion Validity Evidence
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Factor Matrices of the Dimensions of the Arabic-How I Think Questionnaire
Factors | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
ANT1 | 0.029 | 0.073 | 0.000 | 0.793 |
ANT2 | 0.003 | 0.049 | −0.040 | 0.750 |
ANT3 | −0.025 | 0.047 | −0.021 | 0.830 |
ANT4 | 0.040 | 0.070 | −0.026 | 0.842 |
ANT5 | 0.021 | 0.086 | −0.021 | 0.888 |
ANT6 | 0.045 | 0.073 | −0.011 | 0.781 |
ANT7 | 0.062 | −0.009 | 0.019 | 0.792 |
ANT8 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.023 | 0.816 |
ANT9 | 0.043 | 0.032 | 0.022 | 0.785 |
ANT10 | 0.096 | 0.026 | 0.019 | 0.713 |
ANT11 | −0.022 | 0.002 | 0.044 | 0.765 |
EGO12 | 0.051 | 0.904 | 0.070 | 0.026 |
EGO13 | 0.092 | 0.873 | 0.032 | 0.076 |
EGO14 | 0.100 | 0.879 | 0.051 | 0.036 |
EGO15 | 0.049 | 0.898 | 0.011 | 0.071 |
EGO16 | 0.090 | 0.886 | 0.063 | 0.075 |
EGO17 | 0.089 | 0.897 | 0.050 | 0.044 |
EGO18 | 0.100 | 0.878 | 0.006 | 0.043 |
EGO19 | 0.092 | 0.890 | 0.036 | 0.059 |
EGO20 | 0.042 | 0.913 | 0.050 | 0.029 |
MINI21 | 0.904 | 0.091 | 0.077 | −0.005 |
MINI22 | 0.933 | 0.082 | 0.081 | 0.053 |
MINI23 | 0.906 | 0.106 | 0.048 | 0.057 |
MINI24 | 0.877 | 0.060 | 0.061 | −0.010 |
MINI25 | 0.906 | 0.077 | 0.062 | 0.050 |
MINI26 | 0.891 | 0.065 | 0.086 | 0.025 |
MINI27 | 0.868 | 0.083 | 0.026 | 0.057 |
MINI28 | 0.898 | 0.097 | 0.054 | 0.092 |
MINI29 | 0.839 | 0.050 | 0.020 | 0.016 |
BLAM30 | 0.051 | 0.048 | 0.840 | 0.004 |
BLAM31 | 0.070 | 0.075 | 0.843 | 0.016 |
BLAM32 | −0.003 | 0.002 | 0.813 | 0.006 |
BLAM33 | 0.066 | 0.052 | 0.837 | 0.005 |
BLAM34 | 0.081 | 0.028 | 0.837 | 0.021 |
BLAM35 | 0.036 | 0.047 | 0.831 | −0.031 |
BLAM36 | 0.064 | 0.041 | 0.830 | −0.031 |
BLAM37 | 0.011 | 0.020 | 0.851 | −0.001 |
BLAM38 | 0.058 | 0.042 | 0.859 | 0.032 |
BLAM39 | 0.069 | 0.010 | 0.841 | −0.010 |
Appendix B. Model of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Arabic-How I Think Questionnaire
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Indices | χ2 | df | χ2/df | GFI | NFI | AGFI | SRMR | CFI | PNFI | RMR | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 1603.79 | 668 | 2.40 | 0.903 | 0.947 | 0.887 | 0.028 | 0.968 | 0.968 | 0.040 | 0.043 |
Parameter | B | Std. Error | t | Sig. | 95% Confidence Interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||
Intercept | 2.151 | 0.210 | 10.240 | 0.000 | 1.739 | 2.563 |
[Gender = Male] | 0.046 | 0.035 | 1.293 | 0.196 | −0.024 | 0.115 |
[Gender = Female] | 0 a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Age | −0.013 | 0.011 | −1.257 | 0.209 | −0.035 | 0.008 |
Study levels | −0.018 | 0.011 | −1.689 | 0.092 | −0.039 | 0.003 |
Physical Activity | −0.101 | 0.025 | −4.000 | 0.000 | −0.051 | −0.150 |
Anxiety | 0.025 | 0.006 | 3.953 | 0.000 | 0.013 | 0.037 |
Depression | 0.014 | 0.005 | 2.690 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.024 |
Insomnia | 0.026 | 0.003 | 8.570 | 0.000 | 0.020 | 0.032 |
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Azaiez, F.; Tannoubi, A.; Selmi, T.; Quansah, F.; Srem-Sai, M.; Hagan, J.E., Jr.; Azaiez, C.; Bougrine, H.; Chalghaf, N.; Boussayala, G.; et al. Uncovering Cognitive Distortions in Adolescents: Cultural Adaptation and Calibration of an Arabic Version of the “How I Think Questionnaire”. Psych 2023, 5, 1256-1269. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych5040083
Azaiez F, Tannoubi A, Selmi T, Quansah F, Srem-Sai M, Hagan JE Jr., Azaiez C, Bougrine H, Chalghaf N, Boussayala G, et al. Uncovering Cognitive Distortions in Adolescents: Cultural Adaptation and Calibration of an Arabic Version of the “How I Think Questionnaire”. Psych. 2023; 5(4):1256-1269. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych5040083
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzaiez, Fairouz, Amayra Tannoubi, Taoufik Selmi, Frank Quansah, Medina Srem-Sai, John Elvis Hagan, Jr., Chiraz Azaiez, Houda Bougrine, Nasr Chalghaf, Ghada Boussayala, and et al. 2023. "Uncovering Cognitive Distortions in Adolescents: Cultural Adaptation and Calibration of an Arabic Version of the “How I Think Questionnaire”" Psych 5, no. 4: 1256-1269. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych5040083
APA StyleAzaiez, F., Tannoubi, A., Selmi, T., Quansah, F., Srem-Sai, M., Hagan, J. E., Jr., Azaiez, C., Bougrine, H., Chalghaf, N., Boussayala, G., Ghalmi, I., Lami, M. I., AL-Hayali, M. D. A., AL-Rubaiawi, A. W. M. S., & AL-Sadoon, N. M. N. (2023). Uncovering Cognitive Distortions in Adolescents: Cultural Adaptation and Calibration of an Arabic Version of the “How I Think Questionnaire”. Psych, 5(4), 1256-1269. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych5040083