Next-Generation Transportation: Smart Electric Tricycle Integrated with IoT Technology ^†

Abstract

The aim of the electric tricycle is to bring increased mobility to impaired persons. Presently, hand-powered tricycles are used by numerous members of the impaired community, but some current users of hand-powered tricycles do not have the physical strength or collaboration to propel themselves on the tricycle with their arms and hands. The aim of the proposed paper is to add electric power to the current hand-powered tricycle to provide tricycle users with improved mobility, providing them with more freedom and making a donation to the community. This paper develops an inclusive and cost-effective electric tricycle designed specifically for individuals with mobility challenges. The proposed tricycle is equipped with a 350-watt motor and has a cargo capacity of over 100 kg. Using IoT technology, the proposed system includes features similar to real-time position shadowing, on/off announcements through mobile and dispatch, and clear on/off suggestions. This innovative result addresses the unique requirements of hindered individuals, promoting availability, autonomy, and enhanced mobility in a socially conscious manner.

1. Introduction

In recent years, the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has revolutionized various aspects of daily life, including transportation [1]. One notable application of the IoT is in the development of electric tricycles, where it facilitates seamless connectivity and advanced functionalities [2]. An IoT-based electric tricycle integrates a myriad of sensors, actuators, and communication modules to enable real-time monitoring, remote control, and intelligent decision-making [3]. This convergence of electric mobility and IoT offers numerous benefits, including enhanced safety, efficiency, and user experience [4]. By harnessing the power of data analytics and cloud computing, IoT-enabled electric tricycles can optimize energy consumption, provide predictive maintenance, and even contribute to smart city initiatives [5]. As the demand for sustainable and technologically advanced transportation solutions continues to rise, IoT-based electric tricycles stand at the forefront, poised to reshape urban mobility and pave the way for a greener, smarter future [6,7,8].

The novelty of the IoT-based electric tricycle project lies in its integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into traditional tricycle designs. By incorporating sensors, GPS trackers, and connectivity features, this project transforms conventional tricycles into smart, connected vehicles. This innovation enables real-time monitoring of the tricycle’s performance, remote tracking of its location, and efficient fleet management. Additionally, the integration of IoT technology opens up opportunities for further enhancements, such as predictive maintenance, route optimization, and personalized user experiences. Overall, this project represents a novel approach to modernizing urban transportation through the application of IoT technology to electric tricycles.

2. Materials and Methods

In the design of Next-Generation Transportation: Smart Electric Tricycle Integrated with IoT Technology, several essential components were used. The components are NodeMCU, 2596 DC step-down buck converter, Neo 6 GPS, Sim 900 GSM, 12 V-Buzzer, 12 V-Relay Module, BC547 Transistor, 1 K Resistor, 24 V-Battery, BLDC Motor, and the BLDC Motor driver (Sumit Electronics, Visakhapatnam, India) shown in

Table 1. Specifications.

Component	Description
Electric Motor	Brushless DC Motor—350 watt
Battery	24 V
IoT Connectivity	Wifi, Cellular (5G)
GPS	Integrated GPS module with real-time tracking
Control Unit	Esp8266 Micro-controller
User Interface	Blynk Mobile App

. All the above components together form the backbone of an IoT-based electric tricycle, offering advanced functionalities and ensuring a seamless and connected riding experience.

The Node MCU serves as the central control unit, facilitating wireless connectivity and enabling IoT functionalities. Paired with a 2596 DC step-down buck converter, it efficiently regulates the voltage from the battery to power the various electronic components. The Neo 6 GPS module provides accurate positioning data, allowing for real-time location tracking and navigation. With the SIM900 GSM module, the tricycle gains cellular connectivity, enabling remote monitoring and control capabilities, as well as communication with the cloud or server. Furthermore, the inclusion of a 12 V buzzer and a 12 V relay enhances the tricycle’s safety and functionality. The buzzer can emit audible alerts in case of emergencies or critical situations, while the relay acts as a switch, enabling or disabling the flow of electricity to connected devices. Additionally, the BC-547 transistor, paired with a 1 k resistor, can be used for signal amplification or as a switching element in the tricycle’s circuitry. Powered by a 24 V battery, the tricycle’s BLDC motor and BLDC motor driver work in tandem to convert electrical energy into mechanical power, propelling the vehicle forward with efficiency and precision.

3. Design Overview

Figure 1 illustrates how the IoT-based electric tricycle seamlessly integrates components to enhance efficiency and user experience. Its core includes a brushless DC (BLDC) motor powered by a reliable battery, providing smooth operation. The tricycle’s intelligence is elevated with a NodeMCU for wireless connectivity and a Neo 6 GPS module for navigation [9,10]. A SIM 900 GSM module enables remote monitoring, while a relay module expands its capabilities. Audible alerts and notifications are provided through a buzzer, and cloud integration enables data logging and remote management. A user-friendly interface allows for effortless control and access to trip data, creating a smart and connected transportation solution.

4. Specification of the Proposed System

Table 1 shows the specifications of the various components used in this research work.

5. Results and Discussion

Figure 2 illustrates the side and top views of the proposed electric tricycle, which showcase its unique design and features. The tricycle typically consists of a sturdy frame, with two wheels at the rear and one at the front, providing stability and balance. It also showcases its innovative design, practicality, and suitability for urban commuting, recreational outings, and eco-friendly transportation solutions.

The results from the experiment are presented in Figure 3 using Visme Tool, displaying the speed and current with respect to time.

6. Conclusions

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology within the framework of electric tricycles. The paper delves into various aspects of this innovative approach, aiming to enhance the functionality, efficiency, and user experience of electric tricycles. It begins by discussing the rationale behind incorporating IoT technology, highlighting its potential to revolutionize personal mobility solutions. It examines the design and implementation of IoT sensors and connectivity protocols, detailing their roles in monitoring key parameters such as speed, battery status, and environmental conditions. Furthermore, it explores the integration of smart features such as GPS navigation, anti-theft mechanisms, and remote diagnostics, showcasing how these enhancements contribute to the overall performance and utility of electric tricycles. Through empirical analysis and case studies, the paper demonstrates the efficacy of IoT-based electric tricycles in real-world scenarios, underscoring their potential to address contemporary challenges in urban transportation and pave the way for a more connected and sustainable future.