Bubble Behavior on Horizontal and Vertical Carbon Anode Surfaces in Cryolite Melt Applying a See-Through Cell †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Part—Materials and Methods
2.1. See-Through Cell
2.2. Bath Composition and Temperature Control
2.3. Anode Design
2.4. Experimental Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Bubble Behavior on the Horizontal Anode
3.2. Bubble Behavior on the Vertical Anode
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
0.736(mass%LiF)1.3 + 0.063((mass%AlF3) * (mass%LiF))1.1 − 3.19(mass%CaF2) + 0.03(mass%CaF2)2 +
0.27((mass%AlF3) * (mass%CaF2))0.7 − 12.2(mass%Al2O3) + 4.75(mass%Al2O3)1.2
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wt% | Specification | Producer | |
---|---|---|---|
Al2O3 | 3 | γ-alumina | Merck |
AlF3 | 15 | sublimed “in house” | Industrial grade |
LiF | 15 | purum | Riedel-de-Haën |
CaF2 | 5 | precipitated pure | Merck |
Cryolite | 62 | synthetic, purity > 97% | Sigma-Aldrich |
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Stanic, N.; Sandnes, E. Bubble Behavior on Horizontal and Vertical Carbon Anode Surfaces in Cryolite Melt Applying a See-Through Cell. Mater. Proc. 2021, 3, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/IEC2M-09238
Stanic N, Sandnes E. Bubble Behavior on Horizontal and Vertical Carbon Anode Surfaces in Cryolite Melt Applying a See-Through Cell. Materials Proceedings. 2021; 3(1):8. https://doi.org/10.3390/IEC2M-09238
Chicago/Turabian StyleStanic, Nikolina, and Espen Sandnes. 2021. "Bubble Behavior on Horizontal and Vertical Carbon Anode Surfaces in Cryolite Melt Applying a See-Through Cell" Materials Proceedings 3, no. 1: 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/IEC2M-09238
APA StyleStanic, N., & Sandnes, E. (2021). Bubble Behavior on Horizontal and Vertical Carbon Anode Surfaces in Cryolite Melt Applying a See-Through Cell. Materials Proceedings, 3(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/IEC2M-09238