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SynBio, Volume 2, Issue 4 (December 2024) – 4 articles

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15 pages, 1827 KiB  
Review
Harnessing Naturally Occurring Bistable Switches for Their Application in Synthetic Biology
by Ma Huan and Guanyu Wang
SynBio 2024, 2(4), 363-377; https://doi.org/10.3390/synbio2040023 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 300
Abstract
Bistability is a fundamental phenomenon in nature. In biochemical systems, it creates digital, switch-like outputs from the constituent chemical concentrations and activities, and it is often associated with hysteresis in such systems. Here, we first introduce the regulation of bistable switches at different [...] Read more.
Bistability is a fundamental phenomenon in nature. In biochemical systems, it creates digital, switch-like outputs from the constituent chemical concentrations and activities, and it is often associated with hysteresis in such systems. Here, we first introduce the regulation of bistable switches at different levels in natural life systems, then explain the current pioneering applications of bistable switches in synthetic biology, and finally introduce some design and tuning methodologies and principles that may be helpful for the future application of bistable switches in synthetic biology. Full article
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14 pages, 4116 KiB  
Article
Membrane Engineering for Carotenoid Production in Escherichia coli
by Jiaqing Li, Eileen Bates, Dylan S. Perera, Andreea M. Palage and Valerie C. A. Ward
SynBio 2024, 2(4), 349-362; https://doi.org/10.3390/synbio2040022 - 10 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of highly hydrophobic compounds synthesized by plants in limited quantities. This study explores the potential for increasing the production yield of lycopene, a typical carotenoid compound, through engineered Escherichia coli. Given that lycopene biosynthesis occurs within microbial hosts [...] Read more.
Carotenoids are a class of highly hydrophobic compounds synthesized by plants in limited quantities. This study explores the potential for increasing the production yield of lycopene, a typical carotenoid compound, through engineered Escherichia coli. Given that lycopene biosynthesis occurs within microbial hosts and it is subsequently stored within lipid membranes, this study focuses on the impact of inducing membrane vesicles on lycopene yield by expressing monoglycosyldiacylglycerol synthase (MGS) or diglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DGS) from Acholeplasma laidlawii and inserting the upstream isopentenol utilization pathway (IUP) into the chromosome. The effect of MGS and DGS on lipid production in the cell was quantified. The results show that inserting the IUP into the chromosome increased the specific lycopene yield by 2.1-fold compared to the plasmid-based system when using a PproD constitutive promoter and by 2.0-fold when using the inducible Ptrc promoter. The expression of MGS and DGS resulted in a small increase of 31% and 33% (w/w) lipid content, respectively. When expressed in lycopene producing strains, the lycopene content decreased in the IUP strains but increased in the negative control strain expressing only the native MEP pathway from undetectable levels to 0.34 ± 0.08 mg/g. Full article
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5 pages, 563 KiB  
Editorial
Insights in Synthetic Bioengineering and Aspects of Creating a New Biotechnology
by Prihardi Kahar
SynBio 2024, 2(4), 344-348; https://doi.org/10.3390/synbio2040021 - 8 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Many useful chemicals have been industrially produced using genetic recombination technology in microorganisms and animal cells [...] Full article
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15 pages, 8243 KiB  
Review
Solid-Binding Peptide for Enhancing Biocompatibility of Metallic Biomaterials
by Satoshi Migita
SynBio 2024, 2(4), 329-343; https://doi.org/10.3390/synbio2040020 - 25 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Solid-binding peptides (SBPs) are a powerful tool for surface modification of metallic biomaterials which improve the biocompatibility and functionality of medical devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SBP technology for metallic biomaterials. We begin with a focus on phage display technology, [...] Read more.
Solid-binding peptides (SBPs) are a powerful tool for surface modification of metallic biomaterials which improve the biocompatibility and functionality of medical devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SBP technology for metallic biomaterials. We begin with a focus on phage display technology, the cornerstone method for selecting and developing SBPs. The application of SBPs to major metallic biomaterials, including titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt–chromium alloys, is then extensively discussed with specific examples and outcomes. We also address the advantages of SBPs compared to traditional surface modification methods, such as their high specificity and biocompatibility. Furthermore, this review explores current challenges in the field, such as the integration of computational approaches for rational SBP design. To create multifunctional surfaces, the combination of SBPs with other advanced technologies is also considered. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the current state and future potential of SBP technology in enhancing metallic biomaterials for medical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper Collection in Synthetic Biology)
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