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Aerobiology, Volume 2, Issue 4 (December 2024) – 4 articles

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29 pages, 3186 KiB  
Article
Pollen Rain in a Semi-Arid Area of Northeastern Brazil: Pollen Diversity, Concentrations over Two Years and Their Relationship with Ecological Aspects
by Francisco Hilder Magalhães-e-Silva and Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos
Aerobiology 2024, 2(4), 118-146; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology2040009 - 13 Dec 2024
Viewed by 592
Abstract
Pollen rain studies are rare in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Interpretations related to the dynamics of plant communities and possible paleoclimatic changes in these areas face significant limitations due to this lack of data. The global biome of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests [...] Read more.
Pollen rain studies are rare in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Interpretations related to the dynamics of plant communities and possible paleoclimatic changes in these areas face significant limitations due to this lack of data. The global biome of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests and Shrublands (SDTFS) is represented in Northeast Brazil by the caatinga, which is composed of xerophytic vegetation. This study aimed to generate information about the pollen rain in this area and to understand its relationship with species flowering, pollination syndromes, life forms, and climatic aspects. A caatinga area in Canudos, Bahia, Brazil (09°54′ S 39°07′ W), was selected for this purpose. Artificial pollen collectors were installed and exchanged monthly over two years for palynological analyses of the collected material, using standard palynological techniques. A total of 124 pollen types were identified, with approximately 8823 pollen grains deposited per cm2 over the two years. Several vegetation components were represented in the pollen rain, reflecting local plant diversity, life forms, and physiognomies. A positive relationship was observed between increased temperature and pollen production from trees and shrubs, and new pollen types were associated with indicator species of caatinga vegetation. Full article
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13 pages, 1570 KiB  
Article
1997–2016, Twenty Years of Pollen Monitoring Activity in Rome Tor Vergata (Rome South-East): Trends Analysis
by Denise De Franco, Alessandro Di Menno di Bucchianico, Alessandro Travaglini and Maria Antonia Brighetti
Aerobiology 2024, 2(4), 105-117; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology2040008 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 495
Abstract
Global environmental change is rapidly altering the dynamics of terrestrial vegetation, with consequences for the functioning of the Earth system. Recent studies show that climate change is influencing the phenology and distribution of plants. Airborne pollen reflects the flowering period of the plant, [...] Read more.
Global environmental change is rapidly altering the dynamics of terrestrial vegetation, with consequences for the functioning of the Earth system. Recent studies show that climate change is influencing the phenology and distribution of plants. Airborne pollen reflects the flowering period of the plant, which is influenced by meteorological variables such as temperature and rainfall. The analysis of pollen trends is a very useful tool for understanding the effects of climate change on vegetation. In fact, it is accepted that the onset and peak abundance of certain pollen types should be used as possible bioindicators of climate change. The aim of the work is to analyze the presence of various pollen in Rome—from their release from the anthers to their permanence in the atmosphere, the trends of phenological (start, length, and end of the pollen season) and production (pollen abundance and pollen peaks) pollen indicators, the trends of the meteorological variables mainly involved (temperature and precipitation), and any relationships between pollen and meteorological variables, also based on the variation in vegetation. In the period considered, the analysis of the pollen spectra shows an increasing trend in herbaceous taxa, probably attributed to a gradual abandonment of farming practices in the neighboring area, which in recent years has been the subject of intense new construction activity and to a progressive deterioration in the maintenance of green areas. Full article
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20 pages, 12135 KiB  
Article
Southern South American Long-Distance Pollen Dispersal and Its Relationship with Atmospheric Circulation
by Claudio F. Pérez, Ana G. Ulke and María I. Gassmann
Aerobiology 2024, 2(4), 85-104; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology2040007 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 965
Abstract
This paper addresses the study of synoptic-scale meteorological conditions that favor long-range pollen transport in southern South America combining airborne pollen counts, modeled three-dimensional backward trajectories, and synoptic and surface meteorological data. Alnus pollen transport trajectories indicate origins predominantly in montane forests of [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the study of synoptic-scale meteorological conditions that favor long-range pollen transport in southern South America combining airborne pollen counts, modeled three-dimensional backward trajectories, and synoptic and surface meteorological data. Alnus pollen transport trajectories indicate origins predominantly in montane forests of the Yungas between 1500 and 2800 m altitude. The South American Low-Level Jet is the main meteorological feature that explains 64% of the detected pollen arrival at the target site. Podocarpus and Nothofagus pollen instead are linked primarily to the widespread Subantartic forests in southern Patagonia. Their transport patterns are consistent with previous studies, which show an association with synoptic patterns related to cold front passages carrying pollen in the free atmosphere (27% for Nothofagus and 25% for Podocarpus). These results show the significance of understanding long-distance pollen transport for disciplines such as climate change reconstruction and agriculture, emphasizing the need for further research to refine atmospheric circulation models and refine interpretations of past vegetation and climate dynamics. Full article
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13 pages, 988 KiB  
Review
Specific Sources Exert Influence on the Community Structures of Bioaerosols
by Changliang Nie, Yuqi Qiu, Tianxiao Pei and Yunhan Qin
Aerobiology 2024, 2(4), 72-84; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology2040006 - 24 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1099
Abstract
Bioaerosols constitute a crucial component of atmospheric particulate matter, encompassing physical and chemical aerosol properties along with biological characteristics. They can influence global ecosystems, climate change dynamics, and air quality. Notably, bioaerosols serve as a significant pathway for transmitting respiratory infectious diseases, garnering [...] Read more.
Bioaerosols constitute a crucial component of atmospheric particulate matter, encompassing physical and chemical aerosol properties along with biological characteristics. They can influence global ecosystems, climate change dynamics, and air quality. Notably, bioaerosols serve as a significant pathway for transmitting respiratory infectious diseases, garnering widespread attention worldwide following major pandemics such as COVID-19. Thanks to the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, studies on bioaerosols have flourished in recent years. Understanding the interconnectedness of sources, spatial and temporal distributions, influencing factors, and health risks associated with bioaerosols is imperative for devising pollution mitigation strategies and preventing the spread of related epidemics. This review provides an overview of bioaerosol sources while elucidating distribution patterns within their community structure across various source types. Lastly, this overview offers insights into future advancements in the field of bioaerosols along with corresponding recommendations. Full article
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