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Laboratories, Volume 1, Issue 3 (December 2024) – 3 articles

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16 pages, 6800 KiB  
Review
From Biosafety to National Security: The Evolution and Challenges of Biosafety Laboratories
by Wanying Gao, Zongzhen Wu, Kunlan Zuo, Qiangyu Xiang, Lu Zhang, Xiaoya Chen, Feng Tan and Huan Liu
Laboratories 2024, 1(3), 158-173; https://doi.org/10.3390/laboratories1030013 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1215
Abstract
From the perspective of science and technology history, we review the development history and key events of global biosafety laboratories to deepen our understanding of biosafety. The construction history of biosafety laboratories reveals the complex interactions between science, social needs, public health safety, [...] Read more.
From the perspective of science and technology history, we review the development history and key events of global biosafety laboratories to deepen our understanding of biosafety. The construction history of biosafety laboratories reveals the complex interactions between science, social needs, public health safety, and national security. From the recognition of laboratory infection incidents in the late 19th century to the potential hazards of biological warfare and the development of biotechnology in the mid-20th century, the gradual establishment of a laboratory biosafety level system to the construction of high-level biosafety laboratories in the 21st century to respond to global infectious disease challenges, each stage of development is closely related to the social background, technological progress, public health needs and national security considerations of the times. Full article
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10 pages, 9531 KiB  
Article
Rectal Prolapse in Laboratory-Housed Macaques: Assessing Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Enhanced Treatment Modality
by Julie Leleu, Maxime Simon, Luiz Cesar Cavalcanti Pereira da Silva, Tommaso Virgilio, Melissa A. de la Garza and Jaco Bakker
Laboratories 2024, 1(3), 148-157; https://doi.org/10.3390/laboratories1030012 - 22 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Rectal prolapse is a common condition in laboratory-housed macaques, usually associated with recurrent gastroenteritis and stress. However, evidence for both statements is lacking. Therefore, the prevalence of rectal prolapses and their risk factors in laboratory-housed macaques have yet to be assessed. In addition, [...] Read more.
Rectal prolapse is a common condition in laboratory-housed macaques, usually associated with recurrent gastroenteritis and stress. However, evidence for both statements is lacking. Therefore, the prevalence of rectal prolapses and their risk factors in laboratory-housed macaques have yet to be assessed. In addition, a standard of care pharmacological treatment remains to be recognized and documented. Thus, a retrospective study involving 816 laboratory-housed macaques was conducted, in which the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment success of rectal prolapses was assessed. The prevalence was shown to be 3.92%, and all cases could be either directly or indirectly linked to stress factors. By eliminating the suggested stressor, most rectal prolapses reverted naturally (69%). Moreover, we discuss the advantage of the ancillary administration of hyoscine butylbromide and metamizole as a treatment modality. Full article
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13 pages, 511 KiB  
Review
Comprehensive Assessment of Carbon Disulfide Exposure in Laboratories—Air and Biological Monitoring Approaches
by Jimmy Hu
Laboratories 2024, 1(3), 135-147; https://doi.org/10.3390/laboratories1030011 - 6 Nov 2024
Viewed by 734
Abstract
Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a highly toxic and flammable solvent extensively used in chemical processes and laboratory analyses. This review examines both air and biological monitoring methods for assessing the exposure of laboratory workers to CS2. Emphasis is placed [...] Read more.
Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a highly toxic and flammable solvent extensively used in chemical processes and laboratory analyses. This review examines both air and biological monitoring methods for assessing the exposure of laboratory workers to CS2. Emphasis is placed on the measurement of airborne CS2 concentrations and the monitoring of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in urine, a key biomarker of exposure. By analysing case studies and practical applications, the paper outlines the effectiveness and limitations of current monitoring techniques. Additionally, the review addresses key challenges such as CS2 volatility, dietary influence on biomarker levels, and the sufficiency of protective measures, including nitrile gloves. It also proposes best practices to mitigate exposure, such as improved ventilation, the use of polyvinyl alcohol gloves, and the substitution of CS2 with less hazardous solvents. This comprehensive review underscores the need for continuous vigilance in managing chemical exposure and offers insights into how laboratories can better protect their workers by integrating air and biological monitoring strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exposure and Risk in the Laboratory)
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