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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Clinical and Psychological Disturbances of Myasthenia Gravis: How Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Thymectomy Interact

by
Maddalen García-Sanchoyerto
1,*,
Imanol Amayra
1,
Aitana Ruiz de Lazcano
1,
Alicia Aurora Rodríguez
1,
Samuel Anguiano
1 and
Monika Salgueiro
2
1
Neuro-e-Motion Research Team, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
2
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Psychol. Int. 2024, 6(4), 977-985; https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint6040061
Submission received: 15 October 2024 / Revised: 12 November 2024 / Accepted: 20 November 2024 / Published: 22 November 2024
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness. Previous research has noted a high incidence of psychological problems, particularly anxiety and depression, as well as alterations in sleep quality among patients with MG. The aim of this study was to assess depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and fatigue in individuals with MG and to analyze the relationships among these variables, as well as to determine the influence of corticosteroid use and thymectomy. Methods: The sample consisted of 72 participants, 42 belonging to the clinical group with MG and 30 healthy participants to the control group. The instruments used were Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results: The results showed that MG patients exhibited higher levels of fatigue, anxiety, depression, and poorer sleep quality compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Significant differences in sleep quality and anxiety levels were observed between thymectomized and non-thymectomized patients. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between anxiety symptoms and sleep quality. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the presence of anxious and depressive symptoms in patients with MG, as well as poorer sleep quality and increased fatigue, suggesting that MG affects not only neuromuscular function but also the psychological well-being of patients.
Keywords: myasthenia gravis; psychological impact; sleep impairment; fatigue; emotional wellbeing myasthenia gravis; psychological impact; sleep impairment; fatigue; emotional wellbeing

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MDPI and ACS Style

García-Sanchoyerto, M.; Amayra, I.; Ruiz de Lazcano, A.; Rodríguez, A.A.; Anguiano, S.; Salgueiro, M. Clinical and Psychological Disturbances of Myasthenia Gravis: How Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Thymectomy Interact. Psychol. Int. 2024, 6, 977-985. https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint6040061

AMA Style

García-Sanchoyerto M, Amayra I, Ruiz de Lazcano A, Rodríguez AA, Anguiano S, Salgueiro M. Clinical and Psychological Disturbances of Myasthenia Gravis: How Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Thymectomy Interact. Psychology International. 2024; 6(4):977-985. https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint6040061

Chicago/Turabian Style

García-Sanchoyerto, Maddalen, Imanol Amayra, Aitana Ruiz de Lazcano, Alicia Aurora Rodríguez, Samuel Anguiano, and Monika Salgueiro. 2024. "Clinical and Psychological Disturbances of Myasthenia Gravis: How Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Thymectomy Interact" Psychology International 6, no. 4: 977-985. https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint6040061

APA Style

García-Sanchoyerto, M., Amayra, I., Ruiz de Lazcano, A., Rodríguez, A. A., Anguiano, S., & Salgueiro, M. (2024). Clinical and Psychological Disturbances of Myasthenia Gravis: How Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Thymectomy Interact. Psychology International, 6(4), 977-985. https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint6040061

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