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Agronomy
Special Issues
Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems—2nd Edition
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Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems—2nd Edition

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Agroecology Innovation: Achieving System Resilience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 6140

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Witold Grzebisz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
Interests: crop plants; soil fertility; plant nutrition; crop plants fertilization; diagnostics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Alicja Niewiadomska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Poznan Univ Life Sci, Dept Gen & Environm Microbiol, Szydlowska 50, PL-60656 Poznan, Poland
Interests: agriculture; soil; microorganisms; interaction between soil microorganisms; soil biodiversity; soil biochemical activity; soil microorganisms and plants; bio-fertilizers; environment protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human impact on the N cycle is a result of numerous activities, as a rule interacting with each other. The basis of agriculture production, irrespective of the geographical and climatic differences, is the cropping sequence, which affects N supply to plants. N is the main driver of biomass production and its partitioning between plant parts during growth. The low efficiency of N applied in fertilizers is due to a lack of synchrony during the growing season between requirements for N and the capacity of plants to effectively transform into yield.

The content of available N to currently grown plants, regardless of the type and amount of applied N fertilizers, is only partly controlled by a farmer. The first step in the sound management of N on a particular field, and on the farm, is to recognize the weakest point of the N transformation chain. This is the basis for developing a set of measures for the existing N gap amelioration.

The main aim of the Special Issue entitled “Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems” is to present the newest solutions in nitrogen management in diverse farming systems, subsequently leading to fulfilling twin objectives of the sustainable intensification of agriculture, i.e., food production, using efficiently non-renewable resources, without disturbance of the environment.

Scope of the Special Issue:

1) Nitrogen budgeting and cycle in farming systems in different climatic zones:

  1. tropic, b. humid, c. dry.

2) Nitrogen budgeting and cycle in diverse farming systems:

  1. crop farming systems;
  2. mixed crop–livestock systems;
  3. extensive farming systems;
  4. industrialized farming—plantation.

3) Effect of organic and mineral N carriers on:

  1. activity of soil microorganisms;
  2. structure and transformation pathways of soil N compounds;
  3. soil N compounds as indicators of N availability to crop plants.

4) In-season nitrogen balance in fields with diverse cropping composition.

5) Critical stages of the crop plant’s requirements for nitrogen.

6) A comparison of bio-fertilizers (recycled organic nitrogen fertilizers) with mineral N carriers.

7) Effect of a synchrony of the simultaneous application of organic fertilizers with mineral N fertilizers on N efficiency.

Prof. Dr. Witold Grzebisz
Prof. Dr. Alicja Niewiadomska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • farm
  • field
  • crop plants
  • cropping sequence
  • N requirements
  • N sources
  • N uptake
  • N balance
  • N recycling
  • N losses

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5087 KiB  
Article
Soil and Plant Nitrogen Management Indices Related to Within-Field Spatial Variability
by Remigiusz Łukowiak, Przemysław Barłóg and Jakub Ceglarek
Agronomy 2024, 14(8), 1845; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081845 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 749
Abstract
Field zones at risk of low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be identified by analyzing in-field spatial variability. This hypothesis was validated by analyzing soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) and several plant and soil N management indices. The research was conducted in [...] Read more.
Field zones at risk of low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be identified by analyzing in-field spatial variability. This hypothesis was validated by analyzing soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) and several plant and soil N management indices. The research was conducted in Karmin (central Poland) during two growing seasons, with winter oilseed rape (2018/2019) and winter wheat (2019/2020). The study showed that the crop yield was positively related to Nmin. However, this N trait did not explain all the observed differences in the spatial variation of crop yield and plant N accumulation. In addition, the soil N management indices were more spatially variable during the growing season than the plant N management indices. Particularly high variability was found for the indices characterizing the N surplus in the soil-plant system. The calculated N surplus (Nb = N fertilizer input − N seed output) ranged from −62.8 to 80.0 kg N ha−1 (coefficient of variation, CV = 181.2%) in the rape field and from −123.5 to 8.2 kg N ha−1 (CV = 60.2%) in the wheat field. The spatial distribution maps also confirm the high variability of the parameters characterizing the post-harvest N surplus, as well as the total N input (soil + fertilizer) to the field with rape. The results obtained indicate that a field N balance carried out in different field zones allows a more accurate identification of potential N losses from the soil-plant system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems—2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 3866 KiB  
Article
Fungicide Protection as an Agrotechnical Treatment Reducing Nitrogen Gap in Winter Wheat—A Case Study
by Agnieszka Andrzejewska, Witold Szczepaniak and Tomasz Szymański
Agronomy 2024, 14(8), 1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081785 - 14 Aug 2024
Viewed by 710
Abstract
Protection of high-yielding winter wheat (WW) with fungicides increases the productivity of nitrogen (N) present in the soil–crop system during the growing season. As a consequence of the action of fungicides, the nitrogen gap (NG) reduces. This hypothesis was verified on the basis [...] Read more.
Protection of high-yielding winter wheat (WW) with fungicides increases the productivity of nitrogen (N) present in the soil–crop system during the growing season. As a consequence of the action of fungicides, the nitrogen gap (NG) reduces. This hypothesis was verified on the basis of data from a field experiment conducted with WW during three growing seasons (2013/2014; 2014/2015, 2015/2016) in Poland. The field experiment included two crop protection systems (CP): (i) CP-0—without fungicides and CP-F—with fungicides and (ii) six N doses increased gradually by 40 kg N ha−1 from 0 to 240 kg N ha−1. The grain yield (GY) of WW treated with fungicides was significantly higher than that of the unprotected. The difference in yields between both CP systems was 17.3% on a plot fertilized with 200 kg N ha−1 (9.13 vs. 11.2 t ha−1). The fungicide yield gap increased progressively with Nf doses from 0.76 t ha−1 in the Nf control plot to 2.17 t ha−1 in the fertilized with 200 kg ha−1. The use of fungicides increased the amount of N in grain (Ngr) from 15 kg N ha−1 in the control N plot to 51 kg N ha−1 in the plot with 200 kg N ha−1. The main source of additional N in grain (Ngr) was inorganic N released from the soil (Ng89) during the WW growing season. The maximum Ng89 values were 64.4 and 83.0 kg N ha−1. These values corresponded to Nf doses of 94.4 and 80.8 kg N ha−1. The Ng89 of 70.1 kg N ha−1 conditioned 100-percentage Nf recovery. As a consequence, the prediction reliability of GY and Ngr was highest when Ng89 was used as a predictor. The net increase in the absolute NG size in response to increasing N input was significantly slower and therefore smaller in fungicide-protected than in unprotected WW. It can be concluded that the use of fungicides due to the increase in inorganic N productivity in the soil–crop system reduces the potential threat of N dispersion into the environment. In the light of the results obtained, it should be concluded that the fungicidal protection of crop plants should be treated as a factor significantly reducing the nitrogen gap and, thus, the yield gap. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems—2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 2907 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Impact of Magnesium and Nitrogen Fertilization on Two Species of Grasses Used as Horse Feed
by Hanna Sulewska, Karolina Ratajczak and Roman Roszkiewicz
Agronomy 2024, 14(5), 1086; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14051086 - 20 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1161
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen (three doses of N) and magnesium (two doses of Mg) fertilization on the yield and quality of fodder obtained from two old and extensive grass species Festulolium braunii cv. ‘Felopa’ and [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen (three doses of N) and magnesium (two doses of Mg) fertilization on the yield and quality of fodder obtained from two old and extensive grass species Festulolium braunii cv. ‘Felopa’ and Lolium multiflorum cv. ‘Tur’ in field cultivation under dry conditions. F. braunii was better adapted to cultivation on light, dry soils than L. multiflorum; in such conditions, it produces higher yields of dry matter and protein, characterized by a higher concentration of nutrients. F. braunii fertilized with doses of 120 and 180 kg N∙ha−1 yielded higher than that fertilized with a dose of 60 kg N∙ha−1, and L. multiflorum produced similar yields after applying doses of 60, 120 and 180 kg N∙ha−1. For tested grass pasture, a single N application after the start of vegetation in two forms (fast- and slow-acting) appears to be adequate. Resignation from splitting the nitrogen dose due to variable rainfall distribution that can occur after the first cut during the dry summer is beneficial due to a reduction in the losses of nutrients and environmental burdens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems—2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
Effects of Nitrogen Input and Aeration on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Pollutants in Agricultural Drainage Ditches
by Qisen Zhang, Jingwei Wu, Chenyao Guo, Jing Wang, Yanchao Zhao, Qiangkun Li and Yawei Hu
Agronomy 2024, 14(2), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020235 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1536
Abstract
Understanding the patterns of greenhouse gas emissions and the changes in pollution load in terrestrial freshwater systems is crucial for accurately assessing the global carbon cycle and overall greenhouse gas emissions. However, current research often focuses on wetlands and rivers, with few studies [...] Read more.
Understanding the patterns of greenhouse gas emissions and the changes in pollution load in terrestrial freshwater systems is crucial for accurately assessing the global carbon cycle and overall greenhouse gas emissions. However, current research often focuses on wetlands and rivers, with few studies on agricultural drainage ditches, which are an important part of the agricultural ecosystem. Investigating the greenhouse gas emission patterns and pollution load changes in agricultural drainage ditches can help accurately assess the greenhouse effect of agricultural systems and improve fertilization measures in farmlands. This study explored the effects of nitrogen input and aeration on the pollution load and greenhouse gas emission processes in paddy field drainage ditches. The results showed that aeration significantly reduced the concentration of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) in the water, decreased the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), and slightly increased the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in an overall reduction of the global warming potential (GWP) by 34.02%. Nitrogen input significantly increased the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the water, slightly reduced the emissions of N2O and CH4, and increased the CO2 emissions by 46.60%, thereby increasing the GWP by 15.24%. The drainage ditches reduced the pollution load in both the water and sediment, with the overall GWP downstream being 9.34% lower than upstream. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 2504 KiB  
Article
Effects of Polymer Conditioner and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Drip-Irrigated Wheat in Arid Areas
by Dashuang Hong, Doudou Chang, Changlong Shao, Wenli Cui, Xiaoyu Lu, Wen Dong, Hua Fan, Kaiyong Wang and Yantao Liu
Agronomy 2024, 14(2), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020232 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1455
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), an important element for crop growth, has a great impact on dry matter weight and yield. Currently, improving N fertilizer use rate is an urgent problem to be solved in agricultural production in the world. In this field experiment, a self-developed [...] Read more.
Nitrogen (N), an important element for crop growth, has a great impact on dry matter weight and yield. Currently, improving N fertilizer use rate is an urgent problem to be solved in agricultural production in the world. In this field experiment, a self-developed water-soluble polymer material (PPM) with water retention and slow-release characteristics was combined with different doses of N fertilizer (N300 (100% N), PN300 (PPM + 100% N), PN240 (PPM + 80% N), PN180 (PPM + 60% N), CK (no N and PPM)) to analyze the impacts on N uptake and use efficiency of wheat plants. The results showed that the combined application of PPM and N fertilizer significantly improved yield, plant height, biomass, and N uptake and use efficiency of drip irrigated wheat, and the PN240 group had the highest N use rate. In addition, the PN300 group had the highest yield. N use efficiency in the PN240 group was 40.23% higher than that in the N300 group. Therefore, the combined application of PPM and N fertilizer, especially PN240, can reduce the N fertilizer application rate by increasing N use efficiency. This study provides technical reference for improving the N use efficiency of drip-irrigated wheat in arid areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems—2nd Edition)
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