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Agronomy
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Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grasses
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Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grasses

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Grassland and Pasture Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2022) | Viewed by 7921

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jinlin Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: forage and grass stress physiology and molecular biology; plant–microbe interactions for stress tolerance
Prof. Dr. Tao Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: grass stress responses; gene regulation; metabolic rearrangements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Grasses have multiple functions, including landscape establishment, ecological restoration, sports ground construction and forage for livestock. Compared to crop plants, grasses have evolved various mechanisms to adapt to various abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, flooding, heat, cold and heavy metals. Elucidating these mechanisms will help us to improve not only abiotic stress tolerance of grasses, but also that of crops.

In this Special Issue, we aim to address the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in grasses at physiological, biochemical, molecular, cellular and subcellular levels. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies are also encouraged. The interactions between grasses and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, endophytic bacteria or fungi in terms of abiotic stress tolerance will be emphasized. The sub-topics include: (1) Grass germplasm resource collection and abiotic stress tolerance evaluation; (2) transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic responses of grasses to abiotic stresses; (3) functional characterization of unique genes relevant to stress tolerance in grasses; (4) interactions between grasses and microbes related to tolerance; (5) gene editing and genetic breeding in order to improve abiotic stress tolerance in grasses; Review papers, original research papers and commentary papers are all welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Jinlin Zhang
Prof. Dr. Tao Hu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • grasses
  • abiotic stress
  • tolerance
  • gene characterization
  • genetic breeding

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2307 KiB  
Article
Overexpression of HaASR1 from a Desert Shrub, Haloxylon ammodendron, Improved Salt Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
by Zhao-Long Lü, Hui-Juan Gao, Jia-Yi Xu, Yuan Chen, Xin-Pei Lü and Jin-Lin Zhang
Agronomy 2023, 13(5), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051249 - 27 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1456
Abstract
Salt stress causes reduced plant growth and alters the plant development process, resulting in a threat to global crop production. The exploring of unique genes conferring to salt tolerance from plants that inhabit extreme environments remains urgent. Haloxylon ammodendron is a desert xero-halophyte [...] Read more.
Salt stress causes reduced plant growth and alters the plant development process, resulting in a threat to global crop production. The exploring of unique genes conferring to salt tolerance from plants that inhabit extreme environments remains urgent. Haloxylon ammodendron is a desert xero-halophyte shrub with a strong tolerance to drought and salt stresses. We previously reported that the drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana was improved by the overexpression of HaASR1 from H. ammodendron. In this work, the effects of HaASR1 overexpression on the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis were investigated. HaASR1 overexpression significantly enhanced the growth of Arabidopsis lines under salinity and plant tissue water content through enhancing the osmotic adjustment ability, maintaining the membrane integrity, improving the chlorophyll content and leaf area, and thereby enhancing photosynthesis capacity. Taken together, the overexpression of HaASR1 from H. ammodendron improved the salt tolerance of the transgenic lines of Arabidopsis. These results indicated that HaASR1 from H. ammodendron has potential application values in increasing the salt tolerance of grass and crop plants by genetic engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grasses)
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15 pages, 4981 KiB  
Article
Branch Lignification of the Desert Plant Nitraria tangutorum Altered the Structure and Function of Endophytic Microorganisms
by Peng Kang, Xue Fang, Jinpeng Hu, Yaqi Zhang, Qiubo Ji, Jianli Liu, Yaqing Pan and Jinlin Zhang
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010090 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1887
Abstract
Xerophytes in desert improve their fitness under stress through the development of stems and branches. However, little is known about changes in the structure and function of endophytic microorganisms in response to interactions between desert plants and their environment. In this study, we [...] Read more.
Xerophytes in desert improve their fitness under stress through the development of stems and branches. However, little is known about changes in the structure and function of endophytic microorganisms in response to interactions between desert plants and their environment. In this study, we analyzed the lignification indices of young and mature branches during their development in a typical desert xerophyte, Nitraria tangutorum, and combined 16S and ITS high-throughput sequencing techniques to draw the following conclusions. Nitraria tangutorum accumulated more lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content during lignification. In addition, the number of OTUs and diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi were reduced. Both endophytic bacteria and fungi were governed by stochastic processes during the development of stems and branches of Nitraria tangutorum and were significantly affected by lignification indices. Meanwhile, the development of stems and branches increased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota, and the dominant bacterial genera were mostly positively correlated with the lignification indices. In addition, stem and branch lignification reduced endophytic microbial interactions in the relationship between the endophytic bacterial and fungal networks of Nitraria tangutorum. Functional prediction analysis further revealed that lignification of Nitraria tangutorum branches changed the metabolic function of endophytic bacteria. The results of this study indicate that plant endophytic microorganisms play an important role in resisting and adapting to adversity and provide support for related studies on microbial ecology in desert areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grasses)
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16 pages, 2602 KiB  
Article
Nitrogen Application Alleviates the Adverse Effects of Defoliation Stress on Lolium perenne L. by Enhancing the Antioxidant System and Promoting Photosynthesis
by Hui Zuo, Shuxia Yin, Tiemei Wang, Xinyue Xiong, Mengtong Shi and Qianqian Guo
Agronomy 2022, 12(11), 2902; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112902 - 20 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1709
Abstract
Perennial grasses undergo compensatory growth after defoliation. Nitrate is the main nitrogen source for the growth of perennial ryegrass and plays a significant role in plant resistance to stress. The aim of the study was to understand the physiological mechanism of ryegrass in [...] Read more.
Perennial grasses undergo compensatory growth after defoliation. Nitrate is the main nitrogen source for the growth of perennial ryegrass and plays a significant role in plant resistance to stress. The aim of the study was to understand the physiological mechanism of ryegrass in response to defoliation stress under different nitrate supplies and to explore possible ways to alleviate defoliation stress. We performed pot experiments where 12-week-old ryegrass plants grown in low (0.05 mM KNO3) or moderate nitrate (5 mM KNO3) conditions were defoliated and subsequently supplied with different concentrations of nitrate following defoliation treatments. During the regrowth stage, the regrowth rate, biomass, photosynthetic parameters, and the response of the antioxidant system to low or moderate nitrate supply of ryegrass were investigated. The results showed that moderate nitrate supply after defoliation increased the content of photosynthetic pigments in ryegrass and improved its photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, adding moderate nitrate after defoliation increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of osmotic regulating substances, thereby enhancing plant resistance, effectively reducing the damage to plants caused by defoliation stress, and promoting plant regrowth, especially for plants grown in a low nitrate environment before defoliation. Therefore, this study showed that the addition of exogenous nitrate could counteract some of the adverse effects of defoliation stress on the growth and development of ryegrass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grasses)
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16 pages, 3793 KiB  
Article
Melatonin Mediates the Regulation of Morphological and Anatomical Traits in Carex leucochlora under Continuous Salt Stress
by Zhixin Ren, Jiannan Shi, Ao Guo, Ye Wang, Xifeng Fan, Runzhi Li, Chunxin Yu, Zhen Peng, Yuerong Gao, Ziyan Liu and Liusheng Duan
Agronomy 2022, 12(9), 2098; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092098 - 2 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2014
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most critical factors limiting plant growth and development. Carex leucochlora is an important turfgrass species with a wide distribution in northern China that is highly sensitive to salt stress, which impairs its development. Recently, melatonin has emerged [...] Read more.
Soil salinity is one of the most critical factors limiting plant growth and development. Carex leucochlora is an important turfgrass species with a wide distribution in northern China that is highly sensitive to salt stress, which impairs its development. Recently, melatonin has emerged as a nontoxic biomolecule that regulates growth and enhances salt tolerance in plants. In this study, the mechanism of melatonin’s regulation of plant growth and anatomical characteristics in C. leucochlora seedlings under continuous salt stress was explored. Our results indicated that salt stress strongly suppressed plant growth and leaf cell activity, inhibited root morphology and root activity, and negatively affected leaf and root anatomic structures in the seedlings. Conversely, melatonin (150 μmol L−1) pretreatment improved the detrimental effect of salt stress by restoring the morphology of the leaf, alleviating damage to the cell membrane, improving root activity, and altering the root architecture and plant growth attributes. Moreover, after 12 days of salt stress, anatomical observations of the leaf showed that the thickness of the leaf blade, vascular bundle area of the leaf main vein, vesicular cell area, thickness of the upper epidermis, and thickness of the lower epidermis were increased by 30.55, 15.63, 12.60, 16.76 and 27.53%, respectively, with melatonin under salinity. Melatonin treatment also showed an increase of 5.91, 7.59, 15.57, and 20.51% in epidermal thickness, vascular cylinder diameter, xylem vessel diameter, and pith cell diameter, respectively, compared with salt stress after 12 days. These results suggest that melatonin alleviated salt stress through augmenting seedling growth, leaf cell activity, and root characteristics, maintained the stability of anatomic traits to maintain chloroplast cell homeostasis, and also protected the vascular tissues to promote the radial transport of water and ions in the C. leucochlora seedlings. These modifications induced by the exogenous application of melatonin may help C. leucochlora to acclimate successfully to saline soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grasses)
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