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Agronomy
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Plant Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Remote Sensing
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Plant Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Remote Sensing

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 August 2022) | Viewed by 22001

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiaoying Liu

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Guest Editor
College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Interests: light; temperature; plant growth; photosynthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mengyuan Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: photosynthesis; plant physiology; chlorophyll fluorescence; plant–insect interaction
Prof. Dr. Wenbin Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 China
Interests: photosynthesis; crop physiology; nitrogen use efficiency; carbon and nitrogen metabolism; molecular biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The photosynthetic activity of plants ensures our food, materials, feeds, and drugs. Understanding these photosynthetic mechanisms of plants is necessary to plan effective actions that enable the preservation of natural ecosystems and agricultural productivity against climate change. In addition, global changes have been affecting crop production and may lead to a food crisis for humans. Manipulative and monitoring studies on plant photosynthetic physiology responses to different environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic environments, have informed the future possible adaptation of plants to global change and their mitigation roles. This Special Issue of Agronomy will highlight the mechanisms of photosynthetic responses to different environmental factors. Moreover, we also welcome any field related to plant photosynthetic research. In addition, a broad range of studies from molecular to remote sensing using any tools are within the scope of this Special Issue. Original research papers, reviews, and short communications on this topic are welcome.

Dr. Xiaoying Liu
Dr. Mengyuan Huang
Prof. Dr. Wenbin Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photosynthesis
  • biotic factors
  • abiotic factors
  • molecules
  • photoprotection
  • chlorophyll fluorescence
  • photochemistry
  • gas exchange
  • remote sensing

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2600 KiB  
Communication
Genome-Wide Association Study for Non-Photochemical Quenching Traits in Oryza sativa L.
by Youbo Wei, Sicheng Liu, Dongliang Xiong, Zhuang Xiong, Zuolin Zhang, Fei Wang and Jianliang Huang
Agronomy 2022, 12(12), 3216; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123216 - 18 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1985
Abstract
Manipulating the photoprotective mechanism has been demonstrated to be an effective way to enhance the photosynthetic productivity of crop plants. NPQ(T) is a chlorophyll fluorescence parameter for rapid estimation and imaging of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of excitons in the photoprotective mechanism. However, the [...] Read more.
Manipulating the photoprotective mechanism has been demonstrated to be an effective way to enhance the photosynthetic productivity of crop plants. NPQ(T) is a chlorophyll fluorescence parameter for rapid estimation and imaging of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of excitons in the photoprotective mechanism. However, the variation and genetic basis of NPQ(T) are rarely reported in the Oryza sativa L. In this study, we collected 173 rice cultivars and investigated the NPQ(T) value. We found that the NPQ(T) has a wide variation, although it had not been under-selected in the different subspecies. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing 1,566,981 high-quality SNPs identified three significant associated signals on chromosomes 02, 05, and 07. Furthermore, one likely candidate gene Os02g0184100, underlying the associated signal on chromosome 02, was uncovered by identifying the expression pattern in flag leaves and testing the correlation between functional polymorphisms and phenotypic variation. The significant SNPs and candidate genes identified in this study provide us a comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture of NPQ(T) and could be used for genetic improvement of rice photoprotection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Remote Sensing)
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11 pages, 2254 KiB  
Article
The Stomatal Conductance and Fv/Fm as the Indicators of Stress Tolerance of Avocado Seedlings under Short-Term Waterlogging
by Shu-Yen Lin, Po-An Chen and Bing-Wen Zhuang
Agronomy 2022, 12(5), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051084 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2746
Abstract
Avocados may suffer from short-term waterlogging stress when exposed to high temperatures and heavy rainfall during the summer in Taiwan. We compared the waterlogging responses of own-rooted and grafted seedlings of two Taiwan cultivars, ‘Black-Beauty’ and ‘Hung-Hsin-Yuan’, by stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll [...] Read more.
Avocados may suffer from short-term waterlogging stress when exposed to high temperatures and heavy rainfall during the summer in Taiwan. We compared the waterlogging responses of own-rooted and grafted seedlings of two Taiwan cultivars, ‘Black-Beauty’ and ‘Hung-Hsin-Yuan’, by stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Four-day waterlogging and four-day post-waterlogging recovery periods were investigated. Both gs and Fv/Fm of own-rooted seedlings of two cultivars were significant reductions in response to short-term waterlogging. The grafted seedlings on the same cultivar rootstock were evaluated by gs and Fv/Fm during the growth and the growth cessation periods, respectively. The combined responses of gs and Fv/Fm under short-term waterlogging showed that ‘Black-Beauty’ was sensitive to stress because of decreased gs after waterlogging or decreased Fv/Fm after the two-day recovery period. ‘Hung-Hsin-Yuan’ showed more tolerance to waterlogging stress, especially during the growth cessation. This indicates that the vegetative dormancy may affect the evaluation of the stress response of avocados. Our results revealed that gs and Fv/Fm can be effective indicators in the four-day waterlogging of avocado, and the growth status of avocado seedlings should be considered during stress-tolerant variety selection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Remote Sensing)
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13 pages, 1291 KiB  
Article
Effects of Iron Deficiency Stress on Plant Growth and Quality in Flowering Chinese Cabbage and Its Adaptive Response
by Yanping Wang, Yunyan Kang, Min Zhong, Liang Zhang, Xirong Chai, Xinxiao Jiang and Xian Yang
Agronomy 2022, 12(4), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040875 - 2 Apr 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5783
Abstract
Iron (Fe) plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. The effects of different Fe concentrations, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and cobalt chloride (Co2+) treatments on plant growth, quality and the adaptive response to Fe deficiency stress were investigated [...] Read more.
Iron (Fe) plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. The effects of different Fe concentrations, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and cobalt chloride (Co2+) treatments on plant growth, quality and the adaptive response to Fe deficiency stress were investigated in flowering Chinese cabbage. The results revealed that Fe deficiency stress inhibited plant growth. The contents of vitamin C, soluble protein, and soluble sugar in leaves and stalks were significantly reduced under Fe deficiency stress, while the content of cellulose and nitrate was increased. Fe deficiency stress clearly reduced the net photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase activity in the leaves. The balance system of active oxygen metabolism was destroyed due to Fe deficiency, resulting in the decrease in catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity of roots and leaves, and peroxidase (POD) activity of leaves, while POD activity in roots and malonaldehyde content in roots and leaves were significantly increased. The treatments of Fe deficiency and ACC significantly reduced the pH value of the root medium, promoted the release of ethylene, and increased Fe3+ reductase activity, while Co2+ treatment showed results that were the opposite to those of Fe deficiency and ACC treatments. Thus, Fe deficiency stress affected nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen metabolism, pH of root medium, and Fe3+ reductase activity, which was related to physiological adaptive response and tolerance mechanisms. We also found that ethylene could be involved in regulating the adaptive response to Fe deficiency stress in flowering Chinese cabbage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Remote Sensing)
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17 pages, 4253 KiB  
Article
The Positive Effects of Increased Light Intensity on Growth and Photosynthetic Performance of Tomato Seedlings in Relation to Night Temperature Level
by Jiaohong Song, Zheng Chen, Aoxue Zhang, Mengli Wang, Mohammad Shah Jahan, Yixuan Wen and Xiaoying Liu
Agronomy 2022, 12(2), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020343 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5680
Abstract
Light and temperature are related to the growth and development of plants as well as their energy consumption in plant factories. However, most of the studies to date have focused on light and temperature extremes, while the adaptive responses and underlying mechanisms of [...] Read more.
Light and temperature are related to the growth and development of plants as well as their energy consumption in plant factories. However, most of the studies to date have focused on light and temperature extremes, while the adaptive responses and underlying mechanisms of plants to non-stress light intensity (LI) and night temperature (NT) largely remain elusive. Here, we investigated the growth and physiological responses of tomatoes grown under three LI regimes of 250 (LL), 300 (LM), and 350 (LH) μmol m−2 s−1, respectively, combined with two NT conditions. The results revealed that increased LI comprehensively improved tomato growth and physiological status at lower NT levels, but the growth stimulations induced by increasing LI were limited by higher NT. In addition, the lower NT at LM and LH conferred a relatively better endogenous physiological condition and significantly promoted tomato growth, but the higher NT significantly accelerated shoot growth at LL, indicating a compensation of higher NT for low light induced growth restriction. Taken together, the current study suggests that the adaptation mechanism of tomato plants to higher NT varied with LI levels, and higher LI plus lower NT would be an effective strategy to improve tomato growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Remote Sensing)
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15 pages, 2016 KiB  
Article
Photosynthetic Physiology Comparisons between No Tillage and Sod Culture of Citrus Farming in Different Seasons under Various Light Intensities
by Chung-I. Chen, Kuan-Hung Lin, Meng-Yuan Huang, Chih-Kai Yang, Yu-Hsiu Lin, Mei-Li Hsueh, Li-Hua Lee and Ching-Wen Wang
Agronomy 2021, 11(9), 1805; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091805 - 8 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2553
Abstract
Sod culture (SC) and no tillage (NT) are modern orchard management systems, and are two different bases for the sustainable development and production of citrus orchards in Taiwan. However, there is no information about the efficiency of either NT or SC on the [...] Read more.
Sod culture (SC) and no tillage (NT) are modern orchard management systems, and are two different bases for the sustainable development and production of citrus orchards in Taiwan. However, there is no information about the efficiency of either NT or SC on the photosynthetic physiology of farmed citrus under different seasons and varying light intensities. The objective of this study was to clarify the impacts of SC and NT under eco-friendly farming management on the photosynthetic apparatus of an important plantation citrus species in response to varying light intensities over the seasons. The results showed that Rd (dark respiration rate of CO2), Qy (light quantum yield of CO2), LCP (light compensation point), Amax (maximum net assimilation of CO2), and Fv/Fm values of citrus plants under SC were somewhat higher under NT in the same season, particularly in the fall and in winter. As light intensity increased from 200 to 2000 μmol photon m−2 s−1 PPFD, higher Pn (net photosynthesis rate), Gs (stomatal conductance), ETR (electron transport rate), NPQ (non-photochemical quenching), and Fv/Fm (potential quantum efficiency of PSII) values were observed in spring and summer compared to the fall and winter, and increasing NPQ and decreasing Fv/Fm values were observed in all seasons. Positive and significant correlations were shown between the Pn and Gs under NT and SC in all seasons with all light illuminations, whereas significant and negative relationships were observed between the ETR and NPQ under NT in fall and winter at 1200~2000 PPFD. In short, ETR was useful for non-destructive estimations of Pn and NPQ since these indices were significantly and positively correlated with ETR in citrus leaves exposed to 0~1200 PPFD in all seasons and 1200~2000 PPFD in spring, the fall, and winter, providing a quick means to identify the physiological condition of plants under various seasons and tillages. The precise management of photosynthetic parameters such as ETR in response to light irradiances under varied seasons also provides implications for sustainable citrus production for tillage cropping systems in future higher CO2 and potentially wetter or drier environments. The tillages may hold promise for maximizing the economic efficiency of the growth and development of citrus plants grown in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Remote Sensing)
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12 pages, 4530 KiB  
Article
Glucose Induces Thylakoid Formation and Upregulates Green Pigment Contents in Complete Dark Culture of the Angiosperm Pachiramacrocarpa
by Tzan-Chain Lee, Kuan-Hung Lin, Meng-Yuan Huang and Chi-Ming Yang
Agronomy 2021, 11(9), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091746 - 30 Aug 2021
Viewed by 1799
Abstract
In addition to angiosperms, most plants are able to synthesize chlorophyll (Chl)-generating green tissues in total darkness. In this study, 140 plants of the angiosperm Pachira macrocarpa were divided into five groups. Among them, one group was grown for 2 weeks under natural [...] Read more.
In addition to angiosperms, most plants are able to synthesize chlorophyll (Chl)-generating green tissues in total darkness. In this study, 140 plants of the angiosperm Pachira macrocarpa were divided into five groups. Among them, one group was grown for 2 weeks under natural light conditions, whereas the others were grown in complete darkness (0 μmol m−2 s−1). Dark-grown plants were then treated with 0~6% glucose for another 8 weeks. The budding and greening ratios, ultrastructure of chloroplasts (ChlPs) of newly developed leaves, and green pigment contents of pre-illuminated mature and young leaves, and totally dark-grown newly developed leaves were measured. Results showed that glucose inhibited the budding and promoted the greening of newly developed leaves. Pre-illuminated mature and young leaves were able to synthesize green pigments during the 2 weeks of dark adaption. Dark-grown newly developed leaves contained high levels of green pigments at 2 and 3 weeks after budding. Green pigments of glucose-fed newly developed leaves had increased, whereas they had decreased in control leaves. In addition, ChlPs of dark-grown glucose-fed newly developed leaves contained both giant grana and prolamellar bodies (PLBs), usually found in shade plants and etiolated seedlings, respectively. The higher the glucose concentration was, the greater the numbers of grana, thylakoids, and PLBs. Glucose increased the green pigment contents and grana formation in newly developed leaves in a dark condition, and the mechanisms are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Remote Sensing)
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