Machine Learning Algorithms for Biomedical Image Analysis and Applications

A special issue of Algorithms (ISSN 1999-4893). This special issue belongs to the section "Algorithms and Mathematical Models for Computer-Assisted Diagnostic Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2624

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
Interests: clinical data analytics; healthcare decision support systems

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
2. Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
Interests: medical image analysis; radiomics; machine learning; explainable AI; multimodal learning

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Guest Editor
Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
Interests: medical images analysis and quantification; radiomics; applied machine learning, explainable predictive models
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the infusion of architectural and algorithmic innovations within the realm of machine learning has revolutionized medical image analysis. Despite these advancements, the assimilation of these models into clinical practice bears several challenges. The wide availability and heterogeneity of open data offer the opportunity to train increasingly ambitious models, but which harbor a myriad of pitfalls.

Such challenges include the need for multimodal training, data harmonization, training small dataset scenarios, etc. Additionally, stringent requirements for explainability and reliability imposed by regulatory agencies add further complexity to the integration of machine learning models in clinical settings. Addressing these challenges holds immense potential for transformative impacts on healthcare, particularly in advancing the concepts of precision and personalized medicine.

This Special Issue will provide a forum to publish original research papers covering state-of-the-art and novel algorithms, methodologies, and applications of computational methods for biomedical image analysis and quantification, as well as to implement predictive models for precision medicine and clinical decision support systems.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Biomedical image analysis algorithms and applications;
  • Machine learning and deep learning methods for medical image analysis;
  • Multimodal learning;
  • Data integration;
  • Data harmonization;
  • Radiomics;
  • Explainable AI techniques for interpretable and transparent AI.

Dr. Ines Prata Machado
Dr. Francesco Prinzi
Dr. Carmelo Militello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biomedical imaging
  • precision medicine
  • health informatics
  • radiomics
  • machine-learning
  • deep-learning
  • clinical decision support systems
  • explainable artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 8768 KiB  
Article
HRIDM: Hybrid Residual/Inception-Based Deeper Model for Arrhythmia Detection from Large Sets of 12-Lead ECG Recordings
by Syed Atif Moqurrab, Hari Mohan Rai and Joon Yoo
Algorithms 2024, 17(8), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/a17080364 - 19 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 645
Abstract
Heart diseases such as cardiovascular and myocardial infarction are the foremost reasons of death in the world. The timely, accurate, and effective prediction of heart diseases is crucial for saving lives. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a primary non-invasive method to identify cardiac abnormalities. However, [...] Read more.
Heart diseases such as cardiovascular and myocardial infarction are the foremost reasons of death in the world. The timely, accurate, and effective prediction of heart diseases is crucial for saving lives. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a primary non-invasive method to identify cardiac abnormalities. However, manual interpretation of ECG recordings for heart disease diagnosis is a time-consuming and inaccurate process. For the accurate and efficient detection of heart diseases from the 12-lead ECG dataset, we have proposed a hybrid residual/inception-based deeper model (HRIDM). In this study, we have utilized ECG datasets from various sources, which are multi-institutional large ECG datasets. The proposed model is trained on 12-lead ECG data from over 10,000 patients. We have compared the proposed model with several state-of-the-art (SOTA) models, such as LeNet-5, AlexNet, VGG-16, ResNet-50, Inception, and LSTM, on the same training and test datasets. To show the effectiveness of the computational efficiency of the proposed model, we have only trained over 20 epochs without GPU support and we achieved an accuracy of 50.87% on the test dataset for 27 categories of heart abnormalities. We found that our proposed model outperformed the previous studies which participated in the official PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2020 and achieved fourth place as compared with the 41 official ranking teams. The result of this study indicates that the proposed model is an implying new method for predicting heart diseases using 12-lead ECGs. Full article
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20 pages, 7925 KiB  
Article
Motion Correction for Brain MRI Using Deep Learning and a Novel Hybrid Loss Function
by Lei Zhang, Xiaoke Wang, Michael Rawson, Radu Balan, Edward H. Herskovits, Elias R. Melhem, Linda Chang, Ze Wang and Thomas Ernst
Algorithms 2024, 17(5), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/a17050215 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1477
Abstract
Purpose: Motion-induced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts can deteriorate image quality and reduce diagnostic accuracy, but motion by human subjects is inevitable and can even be caused by involuntary physiological movements. Deep-learning-based motion correction methods might provide a solution. However, most studies have [...] Read more.
Purpose: Motion-induced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts can deteriorate image quality and reduce diagnostic accuracy, but motion by human subjects is inevitable and can even be caused by involuntary physiological movements. Deep-learning-based motion correction methods might provide a solution. However, most studies have been based on directly applying existing models, and the trained models are rarely accessible. Therefore, we aim to develop and evaluate a deep-learning-based method (Motion Correction-Net, or MC-Net) for suppressing motion artifacts in brain MRI scans. Methods: A total of 57 subjects, providing 20,889 slices in four datasets, were used. Furthermore, 3T 3D sagittal magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) and 2D axial fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequences were acquired. The MC-Net was derived from a UNet combined with a two-stage multi-loss function. T1-weighted axial brain images contaminated with synthetic motions were used to train the network to remove motion artifacts. Evaluation used simulated T1- and T2-weighted axial, coronal, and sagittal images unseen during training, as well as T1-weighted images with motion artifacts from real scans. The performance indices included the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and visual reading scores from three blinded clinical readers. A one-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare reader scores, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for inter-rater evaluations. Results: The MC-Net outperformed other methods in terms of PSNR and SSIM for the T1 axial test set. The MC-Net significantly improved the quality of all T1-weighted images for all directions (i.e., the mean SSIM of axial, sagittal, and coronal slices improved from 0.77, 0.64, and 0.71 to 0.92, 0.75, and 0.84; the mean PSNR improved from 26.35, 24.03, and 24.55 to 29.72, 24.40, and 25.37, respectively) and for simulated as well as real motion artifacts, both using quantitative measures and visual scores. However, MC-Net performed poorly for images with untrained T2-weighted contrast because the T2 contrast was unseen during training and is different from T1 contrast. Conclusion: The proposed two-stage multi-loss MC-Net can effectively suppress motion artifacts in brain MRI without compromising image quality. Given the efficiency of MC-Net (with a single-image processing time of ~40 ms), it can potentially be used in clinical settings. Full article
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