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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2025 | Viewed by 1753

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alberto Matteelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Interests: tuberculosis; non tuberculous mycobacteria; sexually transmitted infections; parasitic diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis poses a significant challenge to the global healthcare systems. This Special Issue aims to explore and present the latest advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this infectious disease.

With over 1.5 million death per year, tuberculosis (TB) is the second-most dangerous infectious diseases worldwide, after COVID-19. With the emergence of drug-resistant strains, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), the management and control of TB become even more complex.

The accurate and timely diagnosis of drug-resistant TB is crucial for the effective treatment and prevention of further transmission. While culture and phenotypic sensitivity testing is unsuitable in most countries, alternative diagnostic tools and techniques have been developed, including molecular tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and whole-genome sequencing. Additionally, advances in radiological imaging and biomarker identification have improved our ability to detect and characterize drug-resistant TB infections.

The treatment of drug-resistant TB requires a tailored approach, typically involving a combination of multiple antibiotics for an extended duration. This Special Issue will explore the latest research on drug regimens, treatment outcomes, and strategies to improve treatment adherence and patient outcomes. Additionally, this Special Issue will examine novel therapies and interventions, such as host-directed therapy and immunotherapy, to enhance treatment efficacy.

In conclusion, this Special Issue on the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in this field. By highlighting the latest research findings and exploring innovative approaches, we hope to contribute to the advancement of strategies for controlling and eliminating drug-resistant TB on the global scale.

Dr. Alberto Matteelli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tuberculosis
  • multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
  • research
  • diagnostic tests
  • drugs
  • treatment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 918 KiB  
Article
Mutations in embB406 Are Associated with Low-Level Ethambutol Resistance in Canadian Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates
by Morgan Hiebert, Meenu K. Sharma, Melissa Rabb, Lisa Karlowsky, Kiana Bergman and Hafid Soualhine
Antibiotics 2024, 13(7), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13070624 - 4 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1432
Abstract
In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, molecular predictions of ethambutol resistance rely primarily on the detection of mutations within embB. However, discordance between embB406 mutations and gold standard phenotypic drug sensitivity testing (DST) questions the significance of embB406 mutations used in molecular [...] Read more.
In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, molecular predictions of ethambutol resistance rely primarily on the detection of mutations within embB. However, discordance between embB406 mutations and gold standard phenotypic drug sensitivity testing (DST) questions the significance of embB406 mutations used in molecular DST. This study tabulates embB mutations found in Canadian M. tuberculosis isolates and evaluates the impact of specific mutations on ethambutol resistance. The National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology culture collection (n = 2796) was screened for isolates with embB mutations. Phenotypic DST was performed on the BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960 at ethambutol concentrations of 2–5 μg/mL. Whole genome sequencing was used for drug resistance predictions, phylogenomics and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Detection of resistance-associated embB mutations corresponded to a positive predictive value of 64.3%, negative predictive value of 99.2%, 98.7% specificity, and 73.3% sensitivity compared to phenotypic DST. Two embB406 mutation subtypes (Gly406Asp, Gly406Ala) were found among 16 isolates, of which 12 were sensitive at 5 µg/mL ethambutol with variable resistance between 2–4 µg/mL. A novel frameshift mutation in regulator embR (Gln258fs) was found in nine isolates. Mutations in embB406 were associated with low-level ethambutol resistance undetectable at the recommended critical concentration (5 μg/mL). These novel mutations may exacerbate variability in ethambutol resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
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