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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Marine Antimicrobials
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Marine Antimicrobials

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2019) | Viewed by 16794

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Max Crüsemann

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Interests: natural products; discovery; biosynthesis; genome mining; metabolomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite the tremendous progress in human medicine, infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses still pose a major threat to public health. Due to the frequent development of antimicrobial resistance, the search for novel antibiotics continues to be an important task for scientists worldwide. While the absolute majority of currently used natural product-derived antimicrobials have been isolated from terrestrial sources, marine organisms are a still largely untapped resource for novel bioactive natural products, especially antibiotics. In addition to classical activity-guided screenings, novel methodologies such as (meta) genome sequencing and mining, and heterologous expression of biosynthetic pathways are promising avenues for future discoveries of novel antibiotic scaffolds from the sea.

For this special issue, I would like to encourage you to submit original research articles or reviews dealing with all aspects of marine-derived antimicrobial compounds; their discovery, dereplication and structure elucidation, biosynthesis, biological evaluation, structure-activity relationships and optimization through semi-synthesis.

Dr. Max Crüsemann
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine natural products;
  • antibiotics;
  • discovery;
  • biosynthesis;
  • semisynthesis;
  • mechanism of action;
  • SAR

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4458 KiB  
Article
Molecular Diversity of Mytilin-Like Defense Peptides in Mytilidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia)
by Samuele Greco, Marco Gerdol, Paolo Edomi and Alberto Pallavicini
Antibiotics 2020, 9(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010037 - 19 Jan 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4259
Abstract
The CS-αβ architecture is a structural scaffold shared by a high number of small, cationic, cysteine-rich defense peptides, found in nearly all the major branches of the tree of life. Although several CS-αβ peptides involved in innate immune response have been described so [...] Read more.
The CS-αβ architecture is a structural scaffold shared by a high number of small, cationic, cysteine-rich defense peptides, found in nearly all the major branches of the tree of life. Although several CS-αβ peptides involved in innate immune response have been described so far in bivalve mollusks, a clear-cut definition of their molecular diversity is still lacking, leaving the evolutionary relationship among defensins, mytilins, myticins and other structurally similar antimicrobial peptides still unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatic screening of the genomes and transcriptomes available for marine mussels (Mytilida), redefining the distribution of mytilin-like CS-αβ peptides, which in spite of limited primary sequence similarity maintain in all cases a well-conserved backbone, stabilized by four disulfide bonds. Variations in the size of the alpha-helix and the two antiparallel beta strand region, as well as the positioning of the cysteine residues involved in the formation of the C1–C5 disulfide bond might allow a certain degree of structural flexibility, whose functional implications remain to be investigated. The identification of mytilins in Trichomya and Perna spp. revealed that many additional CS-αβ AMPs remain to be formally described and functionally characterized in Mytilidae, and suggest that a more robust scheme should be used for the future classification of such peptides with respect with their evolutionary origin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Antimicrobials)
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18 pages, 5082 KiB  
Article
Exploitation of Potentially New Antibiotics from Mangrove Actinobacteria in Maowei Sea by Combination of Multiple Discovery Strategies
by Qin-Pei Lu, Jing-Jing Ye, Yong-Mei Huang, Di Liu, Li-Fang Liu, Kun Dong, Elizaveta A. Razumova, Ilya A. Osterman, Petr V. Sergiev, Olga A. Dontsova, Shu-Han Jia, Da-Lin Huang and Cheng-Hang Sun
Antibiotics 2019, 8(4), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040236 - 27 Nov 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5247
Abstract
Rediscovery of known antibiotics from actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces, has become a bottleneck issue. Nowadays, more specific identification and dereplication could be acquired by a combination of modern analytic techniques with various databases. In this study, 261 actinobacterial strains were isolated from 8 [...] Read more.
Rediscovery of known antibiotics from actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces, has become a bottleneck issue. Nowadays, more specific identification and dereplication could be acquired by a combination of modern analytic techniques with various databases. In this study, 261 actinobacterial strains were isolated from 8 mangrove soil samples by culture-dependent method. A total of 83 strains were selected to evaluate antibacterial activities and mechanisms by disc diffusion method and a unique double fluorescent protein reporter system (pDualrep2), respectively. Thirty-two strains exhibited antagonistic activity against at least one of the “ESKAPE” pathogens. Four Streptomyces strains (B475, B486, B353, and B98) showed strong inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria and induced DNA damage SOS response. One Micromonospora strain (B704) exhibited inhibitory activity against several pathogens and induced attenuation-based translational inhibitors reporter. Seven members of quinoxaline-type antibiotics including quinomycin A, quinomycin monosulfoxide, and other five putative new analogues were found from the culture broth of strain B475 by a combination of anti-MRSA guide, HPTLC, HPLC-UV, and UPLC-UV-HRESIMS/MS analysis, Chemspider searching, and MS/MS-based molecular networking analysis. In conclusion, this study not only demonstrated that mangrove is a rich source of actinobacteria with the potentially new antibiotics but showed rapid dereplication of known antibiotics in the early stage can improve efficiency for the discovery of new antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Antimicrobials)
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12 pages, 1229 KiB  
Article
Inhibition of Bacterial and Fungal Biofilm Formation by 675 Extracts from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria
by Virginio Cepas, Yuly López, Yaiza Gabasa, Clara B. Martins, Joana D. Ferreira, Maria J. Correia, Lília M.A. Santos, Flávio Oliveira, Vitor Ramos, Mariana Reis, Raquel Castelo-Branco, João Morais, Vitor Vasconcelos, Ian Probert, Emilie Guilloud, Mohamed Mehiri and Sara M. Soto
Antibiotics 2019, 8(2), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8020077 - 12 Jun 2019
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6695
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are complex biological systems that are difficult to eradicate at a medical, industrial, or environmental level. Biofilms confer bacteria protection against external factors and antimicrobial treatments. Taking into account that about 80% of human infections are caused by bacterial biofilms, the [...] Read more.
Bacterial biofilms are complex biological systems that are difficult to eradicate at a medical, industrial, or environmental level. Biofilms confer bacteria protection against external factors and antimicrobial treatments. Taking into account that about 80% of human infections are caused by bacterial biofilms, the eradication of these structures is a great priority. Biofilms are resistant to old-generation antibiotics, which has led to the search for new antimicrobials from different sources, including deep oceans/seas. In this study, 675 extracts obtained from 225 cyanobacteria and microalgae species (11 phyla and 6 samples belonging to unknown group) were obtained from different culture collections: The Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC), the Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI) from Portugal, and the Roscoff Culture Collection (RCC) from France. The largest number of samples was made up of the microalgae phylum Chlorophyta (270) followed by Cyanobacteria (261). To obtain a large range of new bioactive compounds, a method involving three consecutive extractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) was used. The antibiofilm activity of extracts was determined against seven different bacterial species and two Candida strains in terms of minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). The highest biofilm inhibition rates (%) were achieved against Candida albicans and Enterobacter cloacae. Charophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cyanobacteria were the most effective against all microorganisms. In particular, extracts of Cercozoa phylum presented the lowest MBIC50 and MBIC90 values for all the strains except C. albicans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Antimicrobials)
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