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Applied Electronics and Functional Materials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 3897

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Plasma Processing Laboratory, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos Str. 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: materials engineering and synthesis and research of new materials; diagnostics of plasma and high-temperature flows and development of diagnostic tools; electronics and their research; plasma processes and their studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Plasma Processing Laboratory, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos Str. 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: development and research of various purpose direct current plasma sources; study of processes and phenomena occurring in discharge channels, plasma flows, and currents; generation of water vapor plasma and its use for fuel conversion and neutralization of hazardous waste
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue delves into the dynamic intersection of applied electronics and functional materials, presenting an interdisciplinary platform for researchers and practitioners. Research focuses on the integration of electronic components, the use of microcontrollers and other microcircuits, and the development of program algorithms and program code. The research focus is on advanced functional materials to highlight state-of-the-art achievements, innovative methodologies, and practical applications in various fields such as optoelectronics, sensors, energy harvesting and wearable technologies, surface protection, etc. This publication aims to provide a synergistic relationship between electronics and functional materials, where we aim to catalyze new solutions to urgent challenges while promoting the cooperation and exchange of knowledge among experts in the field.

Dr. Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas
Dr. Vitas Valincius
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • applied electronics
  • functional materials
  • interdisciplinary research
  • optoelectronics
  • sensors
  • energy harvesting
  • wearable technology
  • advanced fabrication techniques
  • hybrid materials
  • device integration

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 5038 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Automatic Monitoring System of a Solar Power Plant with Flexible PV Modules
by Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas, Igor Šajev, Giedrius Blažiūnas and Giedrius Gecevičius
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9500; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209500 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 681
Abstract
During this research, an automatic monitoring system was developed to monitor the working parameters in a solar power plant consisting of two flexible silicon modules. The first stage of the monitoring system relies on a microcontroller, which collects data from wattmeter modules made [...] Read more.
During this research, an automatic monitoring system was developed to monitor the working parameters in a solar power plant consisting of two flexible silicon modules. The first stage of the monitoring system relies on a microcontroller, which collects data from wattmeter modules made using a microcontroller. This tier also includes DC/DC converter and RS232-TCP converter modules for data transfer. The second stage, the industrial PLC, receives data from the first stage and transmits them to the PC, where the information is stored and the processes are visualized on the HMI screen. During this study, the charging process was analyzed using PWM- and MPPT-type charging controllers, as well as the power supply of Fito LED strips for lighting plants. Using the created monitoring system, the parameters of the solar power plant with flexible PV modules were monitored. This study compared PWM and MPPT battery charging methods, finding that MPPT is more efficient, especially under unstable solar conditions. MPPT technology optimizes energy usage more efficiently, resulting in faster battery charging compared to PWM technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Electronics and Functional Materials)
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15 pages, 4148 KiB  
Article
Development and Investigation of a Smart Impact Detector for Monitoring the Shipment Transport Process
by Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas, Igor Šajev, Giedrius Blažiūnas, Giedrius Gecevičius and Saulius Kazlauskas
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7102; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167102 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 828
Abstract
This study introduces an innovative smart impact detection system designed for real-time monitoring of shipment status and path integrity. Leveraging the advanced capabilities of the ESPRESSIF ESP32-S3-MINI-1U-N8 microcontroller, which integrates Wi-Fi, a display, a memory card slot, and accelerometers, this detector represents a [...] Read more.
This study introduces an innovative smart impact detection system designed for real-time monitoring of shipment status and path integrity. Leveraging the advanced capabilities of the ESPRESSIF ESP32-S3-MINI-1U-N8 microcontroller, which integrates Wi-Fi, a display, a memory card slot, and accelerometers, this detector represents a significant advancement in shipment tracking technology. The device is engineered to continuously measure impact magnitudes in terms of g-force, and records data when predefined impact thresholds are exceeded. These data are then wirelessly transmitted to a remote server, providing users with the ability to track shipment status and path via a dedicated application. The performance testing revealed impact measurements ranging from −0.5 to 2 g, with occasional peaks reaching approximately 4.5 g, demonstrating the system’s sensitivity and reliability in diverse conditions. This smart impact detector not only facilitates continuous monitoring, but also enhances the ability to respond swiftly to potential shipment violations, thus providing a novel solution for ensuring shipment integrity. This research contributes to the field by presenting a comprehensive real-time impact detection system that integrates modern microcontroller technology with effective monitoring capabilities, setting a new benchmark for shipment tracking systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Electronics and Functional Materials)
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14 pages, 2933 KiB  
Article
Investigation of an LED Strip Controller Based on a PWM Driver and a PIC Series Microcontroller
by Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas, Igor Šajev, Giedrius Blažiūnas, Giedrius Gecevičius and Aleksandras Iljinas
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 4110; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14104110 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 1254
Abstract
This research paper investigates an LED strip lighting system, whose LED lighting controller was developed based on the PIC24FV32KA302 microcontroller and PCA9685 PWM driver. During the study, various parameters of the system were evaluated, including the response time from the length of commands, [...] Read more.
This research paper investigates an LED strip lighting system, whose LED lighting controller was developed based on the PIC24FV32KA302 microcontroller and PCA9685 PWM driver. During the study, various parameters of the system were evaluated, including the response time from the length of commands, the dependence of the PWM signal characteristics on the logic values generated by the microcontroller, and the dependence of the LED light flux and power on the percentage of the PWM signal and the power of the power supply channels. The results of the study revealed that the reaction time depended on the length of the sent command, where as the logic values of the microcontroller were changed from 1000 to 4000, the size of the PWM signal changed from 25 to 100%. The use of the I2C communication protocol, which is a master–slave architecture and uses data and synchronization lines, was also found to affect response times. When the percentage of the PWM signal was changed from 10 to 100%, the light flux of the LED strip changed from 100 to 1000 lm. These results reflect the advantages of applying microcontrollers and PWM drivers to LED control systems, emphasizing their flexibility, efficiency, and precise light control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Electronics and Functional Materials)
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Review

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18 pages, 3939 KiB  
Review
Towards Reliable ECG Analysis: Addressing Validation Gaps in the Electrocardiographic R-Peak Detection
by Syed Talha Abid Ali, Sebin Kim and Young-Joon Kim
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 10078; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142110078 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 605
Abstract
Electrocardiographic (ECG) R-peak detection is essential for every sensor-based cardiovascular health monitoring system. To validate R-peak detectors, comparing the predicted results with reference annotations is crucial. This comparison is typically performed using tools provided by the waveform database (WFDB) or custom methods. However, [...] Read more.
Electrocardiographic (ECG) R-peak detection is essential for every sensor-based cardiovascular health monitoring system. To validate R-peak detectors, comparing the predicted results with reference annotations is crucial. This comparison is typically performed using tools provided by the waveform database (WFDB) or custom methods. However, many studies fail to provide detailed information on the validation process. The literature also highlights inconsistencies in reporting window size, a crucial parameter used to compare predictions with expert annotations to distinguish false peaks from the true R-peak. Additionally, there is also a need for uniformity in reporting the total number of beats for individual or collective records of the widely used MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Thus, we aim to review validation methods of various R-peak detection methodologies before their implementation in real time. This review discusses the impact of non-beat annotations when using a custom validation method, allowable window tolerance, the effects of window size deviations, and implications of varying numbers of beats and skipping segments on ECG testing, providing a comprehensive guide for researchers. Addressing these validation gaps is critical as they can significantly affect validatory outcomes. Finally, the conclusion section proposes a structured concept as a future approach, a guide to integrate WFDB R-peak validation tools for testing any QRS annotated ECG database. Overall, this review underscores the importance of complete transparency in reporting testing procedures, which prevents misleading assessments of R-peak detection algorithms and enables fair methodological comparison. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Electronics and Functional Materials)
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