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Biomechanics and Biofluidodynamics in Biomedical Engineering
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Biomechanics and Biofluidodynamics in Biomedical Engineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 7299

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gionata Fragomeni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); cardiovascular mechanics; artificial organs; computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of models and numerical simulation are topics that are attracting an increasing amount of interest within the biomedical engineering community. Applications to specific cases are essential to understand how the system works in order to prevent pathologies, develop devices, and provide quantitative information.  

The study of biological organisms requires multiphysics mathematical models, such as models for fluid dynamics, the mechanics of solids, electrophysiology, perfusion, and so on. For this reason, it is necessary to use the most advanced numerical techniques possible. At the same time, clinical data and the validation of the proposed models with experimental tests are of great importance.  

This Special  Issue aims to cover all kinds of approaches in order to encourage the development of technologies and techniques.  

Dr. Gionata Fragomeni
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biofluidynamics
  • numericat methods
  • CFD
  • devices

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 10836 KiB  
Article
Study of the Effects of Wall Thickness and Size Variations on the Rupture Risk of Cerebral Aneurysms Using FSI Simulations
by Daniel Díaz and Álvaro Valencia
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6717; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156717 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 669
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysms come in a wide range of shapes and sizes; they can also evolve over time, presenting significant changes. Large aneurysms are generally thought to be more prone to rupture, but rupture has also been observed in small aneurysms, indicating the presence [...] Read more.
Cerebral aneurysms come in a wide range of shapes and sizes; they can also evolve over time, presenting significant changes. Large aneurysms are generally thought to be more prone to rupture, but rupture has also been observed in small aneurysms, indicating the presence of additional risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the aneurysm’s size and wall thickness on its rupture risk, by using fluid–structure interaction simulations. Six patient-specific geometries were studied: four related to the effect of size and two related to the effect of wall thickness. Additional cases in which the aneurysm was removed were included. It was found that thinner walls suffered from significantly greater stresses, whereas an increment in size led, in general, to lower levels of wall shear stress and greater equivalent stress. By removing the aneurysm, the reduction in the time-averaged wall shear stress was 75% at the rupture point. Although the size of an aneurysm has a great impact on its rupture risk, the wall thickness needs to be considered, since with maintenance of its size, an aneurysm can suffer from wall thinning, which can lead to structural failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics and Biofluidodynamics in Biomedical Engineering)
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25 pages, 6071 KiB  
Article
A Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Oxygen and Glucose in Healthy and Tumour Cells
by Maria Inês Barbosa, Jorge Belinha, Renato Natal Jorge and Ana Xavier de Carvalho
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031135 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 970
Abstract
Cancer is widely regarded as a critical health issue in modern society. Tumour cells are usually associated with abnormal proliferation that disrupts the normal behaviour of the body. All cells depend on the availability of oxygen and nutrients present in the extracellular environment, [...] Read more.
Cancer is widely regarded as a critical health issue in modern society. Tumour cells are usually associated with abnormal proliferation that disrupts the normal behaviour of the body. All cells depend on the availability of oxygen and nutrients present in the extracellular environment, which can enhance or decrease their ability to proliferate. Therefore, to comprehend the influence of these factors, it is helpful to understand the proliferation process of both healthy and tumour cells. Computational models are powerful tools used to study biomedical problems, and several models have been presented in the literature. Different numerical methods have been proposed to solve these models. Among them, meshless methods can be highlighted, as they are used to solve complex problems with accurate results. However, in the case of cell proliferation, this is still an area that has not yet been fully explored. The aim of this work is to implement and study the influence of oxygen and glucose during the proliferation of healthy and tumour cells using a novel algorithm. This is an iterative discrete algorithm that employs a meshless numerical and uses a new phenomenological law to describe cell growth. In the end, the algorithm was capable of generating satisfactory results, in accordance with the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics and Biofluidodynamics in Biomedical Engineering)
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15 pages, 5671 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Gait Smoothness Metrics in Healthy Elderly and Young People
by Mattia Antonelli, Elena Caselli and Laura Gastaldi
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020911 - 21 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1174
Abstract
The goal of this study is to compare gait smoothness using different metrics. Methodologically, harmonic ratio (HR), spectral arc length (SPARC) and log dimensionless jerk (LDLJ) metrics were applied to acceleration and angular velocity data collected during gait using a wearable inertial sensor [...] Read more.
The goal of this study is to compare gait smoothness using different metrics. Methodologically, harmonic ratio (HR), spectral arc length (SPARC) and log dimensionless jerk (LDLJ) metrics were applied to acceleration and angular velocity data collected during gait using a wearable inertial sensor placed on the trunk. Sixteen healthy elderly (68.3 ± 4.4 years) and sixteen young (22.6 ± 1.1 years) participants volunteered for the analysis. They were requested to walk at self-selected normal and fast velocities. The results obtained with the three metrics showed variations in smoothness within and between groups. Notably, the older group exhibited contradictory smoothness trends compared to prior studies, presenting a smoother gait than the younger cohort, except for specific directional accelerations. Contradictory outcomes arose between metrics, challenging the influence of age on gait smoothness. Despite concerns about LDLJ’s susceptibility to disturbances, it emerged as the most robust metric. Conversely, HR exhibited alignment with the existing literature on specific acceleration directions. The differences observed in gait smoothness between the two age groups while walking at different speeds suggest that pace might affect smoothness evaluation. The study posits that aging may have a less pronounced impact on gait smoothness compared to cognitive impairment, implying potential clinical utility in discerning age-related gait changes. These findings highlighted the importance of a comprehensive approach to estimating gait smoothness, integrating different metrics and considering several walking speeds, crucial for understanding age-related gait alterations and their clinical implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics and Biofluidodynamics in Biomedical Engineering)
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29 pages, 5029 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Modeling and Digital Simulation of Teeth Dynamics for the Approximation of Orthodontic Treatment Duration
by Olimpia Bunta, Dana Festila, Vlad Muresan, Tiberiu Coloși, Ovidiu Petru Stan, Mihaela Ligia Unguresan and Mihaela Baciut
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 5932; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13105932 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2240
Abstract
The paper presents an original solution for modeling and simulation of the teeth movement biomedical processes which occur in the case of orthodontic treatments. The direct application of this method consists in the possibility to approximate, with high precision, the orthodontic treatment duration, [...] Read more.
The paper presents an original solution for modeling and simulation of the teeth movement biomedical processes which occur in the case of orthodontic treatments. The direct application of this method consists in the possibility to approximate, with high precision, the orthodontic treatment duration, depending on the physical characteristics of each patient. This aspect represents a novelty element in the biomedical processes’ domain since, until now, the research activities in the mentioned field did not generate a solution for the approximation of the orthodontic treatment’s duration. Analog modeling of the biomedical process operates with a fictional shaft defined to highlight the tooth symmetry axis. The tooth considered as an example is approximated as having a parabolic shape with an elliptical section. The digital simulation refers to the spatial-temporal evolution of this fictional shaft in the orthodontic dynamics, being made through the run of four computer programming algorithms. Interpretation of the obtained performance indicators will lead to an interesting study regarding the dynamics’ process in orthodontics, having a pronounced unitary and systematic characteristic. Using the developed programs for obtaining the simulations results presented in the four tables and in the 18 figures shown in the paper, several case studies can be elaborated, associated with a wide variety of orthodontic treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics and Biofluidodynamics in Biomedical Engineering)
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14 pages, 17325 KiB  
Article
In Silico Modeling the Impact of Cartilage Stiffness on Bone Tissue Stress
by Vidmantas Alekna, Oleg Ardatov, Jelena Selivonec and Olga Chabarova
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4457; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074457 - 31 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1537
Abstract
The knee joint is a complex biomechanical subsystem, modeling of which can reveal a deeper understanding of the processes occurring within it. The purpose of this study is to examine the stress alteration in bone based on mechanical properties of cartilage. To achieve [...] Read more.
The knee joint is a complex biomechanical subsystem, modeling of which can reveal a deeper understanding of the processes occurring within it. The purpose of this study is to examine the stress alteration in bone based on mechanical properties of cartilage. To achieve this, a numerical model of the knee joint was developed and tested under different displacement values. The mechanical behavior of the model was represented by considering the hyperelastic properties of soft tissues, along with the verification of trabecular structure of bones, resulting in a more realistic mechanical depiction of the biological subsystem. The results showed that as the stiffness of the cartilage increased; the distribution of stresses in the bone became uneven; and stress concentrators dispersed over articular surface, while in the case of mild cartilage no stress concentrators were expressed. The proposed modeling approach allows the adaptation of patient-specific data in order to predict the outcomes of tissue diseases. The obtained results allow us to state that taking into account the non-linear properties of soft tissues is extremely important for assessing the stress state of the entire biological subsystem. The main difficulty, however, is the lack of data regarding the mechanical behavior of tissues in certain diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics and Biofluidodynamics in Biomedical Engineering)
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