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AC/DC Interferences and Transient Analysis in Overhead Transmission Lines and Earth-Return Metallic Structures

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 8010

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Arturo Popoli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: low frequency electromagnetics; electromagnetic disturbances caused by overhead power/transmission lines; AC interference on buried conductors (pipelines); plasma modeling; plasma sources; EHD; plasma medicine; plasma kinetics; charge transport in polymeric insulation systems for HVDC cables, joints and accessories; discharge modeling for traditional/superconductive gas-insulated HVDC systems
Dr. Cristofolini Andrea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: AC interference; buried pipelines, finite element analysis, inverse laplace transform, soil resistivity; fault analysis
Dr. Leonardo Sandrolini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: electromagnetic compatibility
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, a general sensibility is growing towards the impact of high-voltage alternate current (HVAC), high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power systems, and electromagnetic transients on buried metallic structures with earth return. These structures include metallic pipelines, cables, grounding systems, and shielding conductors.

A typical situation of electromagnetic interference occurs when overhead powerlines and buried metallic pipelines share the same transport corridors, which will experience electromotive forces due to the currents flowing in the powerlines, resulting in potentially harmful currents, both in the short (high current densities during faults) and long term (corrosion). Analogous situations may be caused by AC railways (high-speed lines) and may involve other kinds of metallic structures, such as reinforcement bars embedded in concrete. Similarly, HVDC grounding systems are responsible for large currents flowing into the soil, causing ground potential rises leading to large pipe-to-soil voltages. Harmful overvoltages and currents on overhead lines and nearby metallic structures can also occur due to transient electromagnetic phenomena, such as lightning.

In order to respond to this necessity, specifically tailored measuring techniques and numerical methodologies have to be developed.

The Special Issue will cover calculation and measurement methodologies to assess the influence of electromagnetic field on metallic structures, as well as the evaluation and implementation of suitable mitigation measures.

Dr. Arturo Popoli
Dr. Cristofolini Andrea
Dr. Leonardo Sandrolini
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • metallic pipelines
  • cables, grounding systems, shield wires, shielding conductors, AC/DC interference
  • electromagnetic interference
  • transients
  • lightning
  • measurement
  • numerical simulation
  • soil resistivity/impedance
  • corrosion
  • cathodic protection
  • stray current
  • ground potential rise

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 5594 KiB  
Article
A New Intelligent Estimation Method Based on the Cascade-Forward Neural Network for the Electric and Magnetic Fields in the Vicinity of the High Voltage Overhead Transmission Lines
by Shahin Alipour Bonab, Wenjuan Song and Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11180; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011180 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1405
Abstract
The evaluation and estimation of the electric and magnetic field (EMF) intensity in the vicinity of overhead transmission lines (OHTL) is of paramount importance for residents’ healthcare and industrial monitoring purposes. Using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques makes researchers able to estimate EMF with [...] Read more.
The evaluation and estimation of the electric and magnetic field (EMF) intensity in the vicinity of overhead transmission lines (OHTL) is of paramount importance for residents’ healthcare and industrial monitoring purposes. Using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques makes researchers able to estimate EMF with extremely high accuracy in a significantly short time. In this paper, two models based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been developed for estimating electric and magnetic fields, i.e., feed-forward neural network (FFNN) and cascade-forward neural network (CFNN). By performing the sensitivity analysis on controlling/hyper-parameters of these two ANN models, the best setup resulting in the highest possible accuracy considering their response time has been chosen. Overall, the CFNN achieved a significant 56% reduction in Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) for the electric field and a 5% reduction for the magnetic field, compared to the FFNN. This indicates that the CFNN model provided more accurate predictions, particularly for the electric field than the proposed methods in other recent works, making it a promising choice for this application. When the model is trained, it will be tested by a different dataset. Then, the accuracy and response time of the model for new data points of that layout will be evaluated through this process. The model can predict the fields with an accuracy near 99.999% of the actual values in times under 10 ms. Also, the results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the CFNN models with triple and double hidden layers are the best options for the electric and magnetic field estimation, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AC/DC Interferences and Transient Analysis in Overhead Transmission Lines and Earth-Return Metallic Structures)
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16 pages, 6845 KiB  
Article
Assessment of AC Corrosion Probability in Buried Pipelines with a FEM-Assisted Stochastic Approach
by Giovanni Lucca, Leonardo Sandrolini, Arturo Popoli, Mattia Simonazzi and Andrea Cristofolini
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7669; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137669 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1117
Abstract
In this paper, a stochastic approach is combined with field theory and circuit methods to study how the geometrical and electrical properties of holidays (defects or pores in the insulating coating) in a metallic pipeline influence the probability of exceeding the current density [...] Read more.
In this paper, a stochastic approach is combined with field theory and circuit methods to study how the geometrical and electrical properties of holidays (defects or pores in the insulating coating) in a metallic pipeline influence the probability of exceeding the current density limit for corrosion. Three-dimensional FEM simulations are conducted to assess the influence of the shape and electrical resistivity of the pore on the computed spread resistance value. The obtained results are then used to evaluate the probability of exceeding a given current density value for different sizes of pore and soil resistivities. Finally, a case of 50 Hz interference along a pipeline-transmission line routing is examined. The probabilistic approach presented in this paper allows the pipeline sections more subjected to the induced AC corrosion risk to be identified to be used as an auxiliary tool for adopting preventive protection countermeasures. Lastly, unlike most papers devoted to assessing electromagnetic interference on pipelines, the present work uses a probabilistic rather than a deterministic approach, representing its main novelty aspect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AC/DC Interferences and Transient Analysis in Overhead Transmission Lines and Earth-Return Metallic Structures)
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21 pages, 2671 KiB  
Article
FLARE: A Framework for the Finite Element Simulation of Electromagnetic Interference on Buried Metallic Pipelines
by Arturo Popoli, Giacomo Pierotti, Fabio Ragazzi, Leonardo Sandrolini and Andrea Cristofolini
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6268; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106268 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1499
Abstract
The functionality of buried metallic pipelines can be compromised by the electrical lines that share the same right-of-way. Given the considerable size of shared corridors, computer simulation is an important tool for performing risk assessment and mitigation design. In this work, we introduce [...] Read more.
The functionality of buried metallic pipelines can be compromised by the electrical lines that share the same right-of-way. Given the considerable size of shared corridors, computer simulation is an important tool for performing risk assessment and mitigation design. In this work, we introduce an open-source computational framework for the analysis of electromagnetic interference on large earth-return structures. The developed framework is based on FLARE—an efficient finite element solver developed by the authors in MATLAB®. FLARE includes solvers for problems involving static electric and magnetic fields, and DC and time-harmonic AC currents. Quasi-magnetostatic transient problems can be studied through time-marching or—for linear problems—with an efficient inverse-Laplace approach. In this work, we succinctly describe the optimization of time-critical operations in FLARE, as well as the implementation of a transient solver with automatic time-stepping. We validate the numerical results obtained with FLARE via a comparison with the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics®. We then use the validated time-marching analysis results to test the accuracy and efficiency of three numerical inverse-Laplace algorithms. The test problem considered is the assessment of the inductive coupling between a 500 kV transmission line and a metallic pipeline buried in the soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AC/DC Interferences and Transient Analysis in Overhead Transmission Lines and Earth-Return Metallic Structures)
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19 pages, 6494 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Impedance Measurement to Predict Electromagnetic Interference Attenuation Provided by EMI Filters in Systems with AC/DC Converters
by Lu Wan, Simone Negri, Giordano Spadacini, Flavia Grassi and Sergio Amedeo Pignari
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12497; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312497 - 6 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2669
Abstract
Due to the widespread integration of renewable energy sources connected to AC and DC power systems by means of power electronics converters, electromagnetic noise propagates along lines, and metallic earth-return structures. EMI filters are commonly used to mitigate the common mode and differential [...] Read more.
Due to the widespread integration of renewable energy sources connected to AC and DC power systems by means of power electronics converters, electromagnetic noise propagates along lines, and metallic earth-return structures. EMI filters are commonly used to mitigate the common mode and differential mode noise at the interface of distribution lines, and their suppression characteristics are usually assessed in standard test setups, the impedances of which are, however, scarcely representative of real-world applications. In this paper, an online, inductively coupled impedance measurement method is proposed. A sensitivity analysis to highlight the benefits of the proposed setup and experimental verification is performed. The proposed method enables non-intrusive impedance measurement in energized systems, including power converters. These measures, in turn, allow the evaluation of modal insertion losses of EMI filters in real-world operating conditions. The three-phase example considered in this study shows significant deviations from manufacturer specifications, thus justifying the need for more advanced estimation techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AC/DC Interferences and Transient Analysis in Overhead Transmission Lines and Earth-Return Metallic Structures)
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