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Applied Sciences
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Bio-Materials in a Bark Biorefinary Context
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Bio-Materials in a Bark Biorefinary Context

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 3551

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Joana Ferreira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: non-wood forest products; barks and cork chemistry; GC-MS, HPLC-MS; polar and non-polar extractives analysis; suberin structural composition analysis; bioactive compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am very pleased to invite you to contribute to a Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Sciences, “Bio-Materials in a Bark Biorefinary Context”.

Bark is considered the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants and mainly consists of the inner and the outer bark. Bark undertakes essential roles in a living tree, namely, serving as a first line of defense toward external aggressive agents, water equilibrium, and nutrient transportation.  

Bark is an underused waste residue from forest biomass and an inexpensive renewable resource present in large quantities, being responsible for disposal problems in forest operations, and must be continually moved out of mill sites in the wood, pulp, and pulp industries.

There is huge potential for converting bark into value-added products due to its complex and highly heterogeneous chemical composition. However, this chemical upgrade, in a biorefinery context, is somewhat limited and challenging. Barks chemical composition contains relatively high amounts of extractives (polar and non-polar extractives) when compared to wood, higher lignin content, and less holocellulose. Polar extractives (flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, tannins, sugars, and so on) are typically three to five times more abundant than non-polar compounds, including waxes, resins, lipids, unsaturated fats, sterols, terpenes, and so forth. Barks fractionation into divisions with distinctive polarity can be achieved through successive extractions applying a combination of organic solvents and hot water. Lignin and polysaccharides are analyzed by a first extraction with aqueous alkali solutions, followed by hydrolysis of the extractive-free bark by sulfuric acid to give Klason lignin and acid insoluble residue contents.

Developing new processes that can extract, isolate, and purify these high value chemicals and other products is the main focus of research within a “Green Biorefinery” context.

Dr. Joana Ferreira
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1535 KiB  
Article
Eco Valorization of Eucalyptus globulus Bark and Branches through Liquefaction
by Ana Fernandes, Luísa Cruz-Lopes, Yuliya Dulyanska, Idalina Domingos, José Ferreira, Dmitry Evtuguin and Bruno Esteves
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3775; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12083775 - 8 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2968
Abstract
Eucalyptus globulus forest residues, bark, and branches, were characterized by wet chemistry methods and involved in the liquefaction process using a glycerol-ethylene glycol reaction mixture (1:1, v/v) catalyzed by strong mineral acid (3% H2SO4) or strong mineral base (6% [...] Read more.
Eucalyptus globulus forest residues, bark, and branches, were characterized by wet chemistry methods and involved in the liquefaction process using a glycerol-ethylene glycol reaction mixture (1:1, v/v) catalyzed by strong mineral acid (3% H2SO4) or strong mineral base (6% KOH). The effect of the reaction conditions (temperature and duration) and the particle size on the yield of liquefied products have been evaluated. Acid catalysis revealed remarkably higher yields (25–50%) than when using basic catalyst. It was considered that bark was more vulnerable to liquefaction with respect to particle size than branches. Too high temperatures (>180 °C) are not advantageous regarding the liquefaction yields and, therefore, temperatures around 160–180 °C would be preferable. The best yield for the bark sample (>80 mesh fraction) was obtained at 180 °C for 60 min (61.6%), while for the branches the best yield was obtained at 160 °C for 60 min (62.2%). Under compromised conditions (180 °C for 60 min), the fine fraction (>80 mesh) of bark and branches did not show significant differences between their liquefaction yields and can be processed together while adjusting the suitable processing time. The main advantage of the use of these residues instead of solid wood is that it would bring the Forest managing companies a much higher income for their wastes that are usually burned and the use of lignocellulosic materials in detriment of petroleum-based materials for the production of polymers would make industry less dependent on oil prices fluctuations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Materials in a Bark Biorefinary Context)
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