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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 9487

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Dr. Alessandro Scala

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Guest Editor

ARDEC Academy, Ariminum Odontologica, Rimini, Italy
Interests: dental implant; osseointegration; periodontal parameters

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern implantology was born at the beginning of the last century, when E.J. Greenfield (1913) and Alvin Edward Strock (1939) were the first to describe the techniques and materials to be used to surgically replace the elements lost in edentulism.

Since then, and especially over the last 40/50 years, research has made it possible to achieve critical goals in implant therapy, and this has helped enormously to broaden the techniques used to treat our patients in an ever more effective and predictable way, even in more complex cases.

Today, we are able to safely work in extremely delicate areas of the mouth, such as the maxillary sinus or the mandible near the inferior alveolar nerve, thanks to the use of computer-guided surgery techniques.

In the same way, innovations in the fields of nanotechnologies and biomaterials have allowed us to work more effectively while respecting the biology of the oral cavity.

This Special Issue aims to expand our knowledge and produce further advances in the field of implantology.

Thanks to everyone for their contributions in advance.

Dr. Alessandro Scala
Guest Editor

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Keywords

osseointegration
biomaterials
implant dentistry
guided surgery
tissue engineering
anatomy
digital dentistry
oral biology

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 792 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seven-Year Retrospective Study on Conometric Retention for Complete Fixed Prosthesis

by Eriberto Bressan, Riccardo Guazzo, Riccardo Favero, Luca Sbricoli and Lucia Schiavon

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 8084; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14178084 - 9 Sep 2024

Viewed by 594

Abstract

The aim of the present work was to evaluate retrospectively, after seven years of function, the efficacy of a conometric retention to stabilize complete prostheses (CPs) on four implants. Data from twenty-three patients with CPs supported by four implants, with at least seven years of follow up were retrieved. All the CPs were immediately fixed to the implants using a conometric retention. Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant success, biological and prosthetic complications, probing pocket depth changes, marginal bleeding, and plaque index changes. A total of 92 implants were evaluated. No fixture or abutment fractures were reported. No abutment unscrewing was reported. Four framework fractures occurred after three, four, six, and seven years of function. The overall success rate of the rehabilitation was 82.6%. Mucositis was observed in eight patients and 13 implants. No peri-implantitis was recorded. A 0.55 mm difference of PPD and 0.74 mm of MBL was recorded after seven years (p < 0.001). The present implant-supported conometric retention system proved to be effective in giving fixed retention to a CP supported by four implants. Biological complications were easily detected and treated. An adequate metal framework should be provided to the definitive restoration to avoid fractures in the long term. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Implants)

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19 pages, 2226 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Primary and Secondary Stability Assessments of Dental Implants According to Their Macro-Design, Length, Width, Location, and Bone Quality

by Norberto Quispe-López, Soraya Martín-Martín, Cristina Gómez-Polo, Oscar Figueras-Alvarez, María Isabel Sánchez-Jorge and Javier Montero

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4841; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114841 - 3 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1209

Abstract

Some evidence supports the influence of implant macro-design on primary stability. Additionally, tactile perception can be used to assess implant stability when placing the implant. This research aimed to quantify the primary and secondary stability of three implant systems with two different macro geometries (cylindrical and conical) determined based on the insertion torque and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) at the moment of implant placement as a function of implant-related factors (length, width, dental arch, and implant location in the arch), intraoperative factors (bone density determined subjectively by the clinician’s tactile perception), and patient-related factors (age, gender, and bone density determined objectively based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: 102 implants from three implant systems with two different macro geometries (conical and cylindrical) were placed in 53 patients. The insertion torque, the ISQ at the implant placement (ISQ0), and the bone quality according to the clinician’s tactile sensation were recorded on the day of the surgery. After a three-month healing period, the ISQ was re-evaluated (ISQ3). Results: The cylindrical implants exhibited significantly higher insertion torque and ISQ values at the moment of the surgery and after three months compared to the conical implants. The cylindrical implants also showed significantly lower indices of tactile evaluation of bone quality during the implant placement surgery. However, no differences were demonstrated in the bone density measured objectively using CBCT. (4) Conclusions: The cylindrical implants achieved the highest values for primary stability (Newtons × centimeter (Ncm) and ISQ) and secondary stability (ISQ after three months). The insertion torque was the variable that most influenced the ISQ on the day of the surgery. The implant location (incisors–canines, bicuspids–molars) and the implant macro geometry were the variables that most influenced the secondary stability (ISQ at three months). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Implants)

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10 pages, 2543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Long-Term Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Implant Treatment Outcome Using Implants with a Different Surface Roughness

by Maarten Glibert, Carine Matthys, Aurélie Van Lancker, Amber Segers and Hugo De Bruyn

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041658 - 19 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1093

Abstract

The influence of implant surface roughness on implant treatment outcome is still under debate. A rougher implant surface improves osseointegration but yields greater plaque accumulation and biofilm formation. Hybrid implants have a minimally rough component coronally and a moderately rough implant body. The aim of this split-mouth study is to evaluate the long-term outcome of treatment with hybrid and moderately rough implants after 6 years. As a secondary aim, Oral Health Quality of Life (OHQoL) was assessed after one and six years. Fully edentulous patients received an overdenture supported by two implants. One implant had a hybrid surface (MSC) and one implant had a moderately rough surface (DCC). Radiographic crestal bone loss (CBL), plaque score, bleeding on probing (BoP) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) were determined at one and six years. OHQoL was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Twenty-one patients with 42 implants were evaluated after 6 years. No implants failed and a mean CBL of 0.26 mm (SD: 0.42) for the MSC group and 0.17 mm (SD: 0.29) for the DCC group was observed, which was not statistically significant. Periodontal parameters were comparable after 6 years and a significant improvement in OHQoL was observed. This randomized controlled trial concludes that hybrid implants are a predictable treatment alternative for moderately rough implants in patients with an overdenture supported by two implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Implants)

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18 pages, 4103 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Preliminary Development of a Friction-Based Lateral Screw-Retained Dental Crown—A Comparison between the Prototype Surface Treatment and the Retention Strength

by Sugeng Supriadi, Yudan Whulanza, Tri Ardi Mahendra, Ratna Sari Dewi, Lindawati S. Kusdhany, Pelangi Raihan Mathar and Rizki Aldila Umas

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020660 - 12 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1458

Abstract

This study aims to develop a novel retention method combining the retrievability of the screw retention method with the ideal occlusal table and the aesthetic capability of cement retention. Coping was developed to have lateral screw access, allowing the screw to lock the coping using lateral forces from screw tightening and friction between the tip of the screw and the sandblasted surface of an abutment. Sandblasting parameters varied based on particle size. The results show a positive correlation to surface roughness and indicate a positive correlation to retention force. The highest surface roughness and retention force result was shown by groups that were sandblasted using 686 μm of aluminum oxide. Experiments on the tightening strength of 48 subjects measured in simulated conditions similar to the assembly conditions of lateral screw retention implants resulted in a mean of 69.75 Nmm with the highest and lowest values of 120.67 Nmm and 34.67 Nmm. This result became the basis of tightening torque variation. Each group’s retention capability is measured and compared to cement-retained dental implants. The results show that the tightening torque correlates positively with retention force, with the highest average retention score showed by lateral screws retained under a tightening torque of 200 Nmm—317.87 N higher than cement-retained screws. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Implants)

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11 pages, 611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immediate Versus Conventional Loading of Two-Implant Overdenture with Magnetic Attachments: A 5-Year Follow-Up on Patient-Reported Outcomes

by Trang Ngoc Huyen Bui, Yuriko Komagamine, Sahaprom Namano, Anna Miyayasu, Daisuke Sato, Shunsuke Minakuchi and Manabu Kanazawa

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 11687; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111687 - 25 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1113

Abstract

Comprehensive, long-term studies on patient-reported outcomes for two-implant overdentures with magnetic attachments using immediate or conventional loading methods are lacking. This study aimed to provide 5-year follow-up data comparing patient-reported outcomes for mandibular overdentures supported by two implants with magnetic attachments under immediate or conventional loading. Nineteen edentulous mandible patients were randomly assigned to immediate (IG) or conventional loading groups (CG). Two implants were placed with prostheses, loaded on the same day (immediate) or three months later (conventional). Participants completed questionnaires (oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), patient general satisfaction, and patient’s denture assessment (PDA)) at baseline and yearly intervals for 5 years. Results showed no significant differences between IG and CG throughout the study. However, the within-group analysis revealed significant improvements in OHRQoL, patient satisfaction, and all PDA domains from the baseline to years 1–5. Regarding patient satisfaction, significant differences were observed between T1, T2, and T3 when compared with T0 of IG and T1-T0 of CG. Regarding PDA results of T4-T5, IG exhibited several significant differences compared to CG. In conclusion, this study suggests that two-implant overdentures with magnetic attachments, whether immediately or conventionally loaded, improve patient-reported outcomes. Immediate loading may have prolonged effects on the improvement of patient-reported outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Implants)

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16 pages, 5259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biomechanical Investigation of Patient-Specific Porous Dental Implants: A Finite Element Study

by Hassan Mehboob, Abdelhak Ouldyerou and Muhammad Farzik Ijaz

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7097; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127097 - 13 Jun 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2114

Abstract

The design of the implant and osseointegration play an important role in the long-term stability of implants. This study aims to investigate the impact of porous implants on full and partial osseointegration in varying bone qualities. Finite element models of porous implants were modeled and assembled with normal and weak bones considering full and partial osseointegration. These assemblies were simulated under an occlusal load of 200 N when the outer surfaces of bones were fixed in all directions. The results showed that in the case of full osseointegration, the stresses in surrounding bones were increased with decreasing implant stiffness, while decreased in partial osseointegration. Moreover, the maximum octahedral shear strain in the weak bone exceeded 3000 µε in all the cases but decreased (from 7256 to 3632 µε) with decreasing implant stiffness. According to the mechanostat hypothesis, using porous implants in normal bone may enhance bone density in full osseointegration, while susceptivity of bone damage may reduce in weak bones using porous implants. Thus, careful selection of implant material and design based on the patient’s specific bone quality is crucial for successful outcomes. Full article

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11 pages, 1305 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Accuracy of Implant Placement Using Digital Prosthetically-Derived Surgical Guides: A Systematic Review

by Cristian Abad-Coronel, Stefan Vandeweghe, María Dolores Vela Cervantes, María José Tobar Lara, Nancy Mena Córdova and Paulina Aliaga

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7422; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167422 - 22 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1087

Abstract

Dental implant placement is crucial in oral rehabilitation, requiring precision for successful outcomes. Digital technologies, including surgical guides, enhance predictability and efficiency in implant procedures. However, their impact on implant positioning accuracy is still under investigation. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the literature on implant accuracy using digital prosthetically-derived surgical guides. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42023483194), the review employed a PICO strategy and searched PubMed for English-language, in vivo studies from 2013 to 2023 on restrictive digital prosthetically-derived surgical guides. Two reviewers independently assessed records, with a third verifying the decisions. PRISMA guidelines were followed, yielding 24 results after excluding nine duplicates. Ten studies met the criteria after title, abstract, and keyword review, with three included after verification. These studies showed coronal deviations of 0.44 mm to 0.56 mm, apical deviations of 0.64 mm to 1.03 mm, angular deviations of 2.03° to 2.42°, and vertical deviations of 0.19 mm to 0.45 mm. Superior accuracy was noted with static guided techniques, while bilateral guides offered stability and printed guides were cost-effective. A surgical guide that comes from a planning with a primary wax-up of the prosthesis leads to the placement of a dental implant that can be functionally and esthetically rehabilitated. Further research is needed to standardize outcomes and improve implant protocols and patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Implants)

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