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Applied Sciences
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Toxicity of Chemicals: Evaluation, Analysis and Impact—2nd Edition
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Toxicity of Chemicals: Evaluation, Analysis and Impact—2nd Edition

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical and Molecular Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 2592

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Laura Lomba Eraso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A23 km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: toxicology; pharmacokinetic; drug formulation; green solvents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Beatriz Giner Parache

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A23 km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: toxicology; green chemistry; drug formulation; green solvents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the second edition of this Special Issue exploring chemical toxicity. Chemicals that enter the market have been previously evaluated following the REACH regulation; however, in many cases, it is necessary to carry out extensive analysis to examine the potential effect of these compounds on human health. For this, it is rather important to conduct studies on the toxicity, genotoxicity, or toxicokinetic profiles, among others, of these chemicals. In this Special Issue, we invite papers focused on uncovering the toxicity of chemicals using different experimental evaluations and prediction methods.

Dr. Laura Lomba Eraso
Dr. Beatriz Giner Parache
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • toxicity
  • chemicals
  • genotoxicity
  • toxicokinetic studies

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2162 KiB  
Article
Validating an In-House Method for Assessing Effluent Discharge Toxicity Using Acartia tonsa in the Black Sea
by Elena Bisinicu, George Harcota, Valentina Coatu and Luminita Lazar
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9861; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219861 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 502
Abstract
The marine copepod Acartia tonsa is an important bioindicator in ecotoxicological studies due to its sensitivity to pollutants and ecological importance. This research evaluates the effects of reference toxicant on the survival of A. tonsa, aiming to validate an in-house method that [...] Read more.
The marine copepod Acartia tonsa is an important bioindicator in ecotoxicological studies due to its sensitivity to pollutants and ecological importance. This research evaluates the effects of reference toxicant on the survival of A. tonsa, aiming to validate an in-house method that assesses the sensitivity and reliability of the species for testing in the Black Sea. A. tonsa individuals were exposed in controlled laboratory conditions to varying 3,5-dichlorophenol (reference toxicant) concentrations, with their survival rates monitored over 48 h. Survival data were analyzed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50), a metric for assessing toxicity. The derived LC50 values offer important benchmarks for assessing the environmental impact of different effluent discharges in the Black Sea region. The outcomes will contribute to improving the accuracy and consistency of environmental monitoring and risk assessment practices in the Black Sea region, ensuring that variations in toxicity data are attributable to environmental factors rather than methodological discrepancies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity of Chemicals: Evaluation, Analysis and Impact—2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 726 KiB  
Article
Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in Euschistus heros
by Paulo S. G. Cremonez, Janaína F. Matsumoto, Avacir C. Andrello, Daniela O. Pinheiro and Pedro M. O. J. Neves
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9388; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209388 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 518
Abstract
The sublethal toxic effects of pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticide, on the circulating metabolite balance in the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, one of the main agronomic pests in South America, were investigated. Our objectives were to evaluate [...] Read more.
The sublethal toxic effects of pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticide, on the circulating metabolite balance in the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, one of the main agronomic pests in South America, were investigated. Our objectives were to evaluate changes in the baseline levels of lipids and carbohydrates, along with three selected micro-elements—nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)—in the hemolymph of adult E. heros, following the application of a predetermined LC30 of pyriproxyfen (single topical application) in fourth-instar nymphs (N4). Hemolymph was sampled using glass capillaries, with the resulting concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates determined through vanillin- and anthrone-positive reactions, respectively, and micro-element analysis was performed through total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry. Lipids are the main and more stable energy metabolites for E. heros, with a proportion of 2:1 compared to carbohydrate levels. A remarkable sensitivity of carbohydrate levels to sublethal pyriproxyfen exposure, irrespective of sex, was observed. Baseline micro-element levels based on untreated control insects indicate sex-based differences in Ni and Zn, but not in Cu, concentrations. After insecticide exposure, the levels of these micro-elements were variable, with Ni and Zn generally decreasing and Cu decreasing in females but nearly doubling in males. The observed disproportion in lipids, carbohydrates, and inorganic micro-elements suggests potential physiological shifts triggered by pyriproxyfen activity in E. heros during late juvenile stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity of Chemicals: Evaluation, Analysis and Impact—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 1453 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Analysis of the Acute Toxicity of Ionic Liquids Using Microtox® Bioassays
by Juan José Parajó, Antía Santiago-Alonso, Pablo Vallet, Tamara Teijeira, Raquel San Emeterio, María Villanueva and Josefa Salgado
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2480; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062480 - 15 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 996
Abstract
The ecotoxicity of a set of 30 ionic liquids, namely 23 aprotic compounds (APILs) and 7 protic compounds (PILs), was analyzed in this work by monitoring the inhibition of the bioluminescence of the bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri with varying concentrations of ILs utilizing the [...] Read more.
The ecotoxicity of a set of 30 ionic liquids, namely 23 aprotic compounds (APILs) and 7 protic compounds (PILs), was analyzed in this work by monitoring the inhibition of the bioluminescence of the bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri with varying concentrations of ILs utilizing the Microtox® standard toxicity test. The study covered ILs that have various synthetic natures, PILs and APILs, with a common anion or cation, and different alkyl chain lengths. The results indicate that both moieties, anion and cation, have an influence on toxicity, these being the ILs with the bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion and imidazolium cation, which are the most harmful, while those less toxic correspond to ammonium-based ILs. The alkyl chain length seems to have the most significant impact on toxicity, except for tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate (FAP) anion-based ILs, which, interestingly, showed the opposite behavior. A critical alkyl size (CAS) at C = 6 was observed for the rest of the families, resulting in a significant reduction in the effective concentration (EC) values: the connection between this CAS and toxicity has never been observed before, and it indicates a threshold that marks the end of harmlessness (C < 6) and the start of toxicity (C > 6). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity of Chemicals: Evaluation, Analysis and Impact—2nd Edition)
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