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New Insights into Power Systems
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New Insights into Power Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2024) | Viewed by 4059

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zhaoyuan Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Interests: electricity market; energy policy; new types of power system operation and planning; low-carbon transition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the proportion of new energy sources continuously increases, power systems face the challenge of insufficient flexibility in adjustment capabilities, making power balance and supply assurance increasingly difficult. There is an urgent need to explore comprehensive and interactive methods across all elements of generation, grid, load, and storage to thoroughly support the efficient and low-carbon transformation of power systems, including aspects such as operation, planning, market mechanism design, and policy analysis. For this purpose, this Special Issue is titled "New Insights into Power Systems" and aims to collect high-quality papers from the fields of power system research. We encourage researchers from various fields within the journal’s scope to contribute papers highlighting the latest developments in their research field, or to invite relevant experts and colleagues to do so. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

Keywords：

  • Generation–grid–load–storage interaction;
  • Power system operation and planning;
  • Renewable energy integration;
  • Demand response management;
  • Low-carbon transition;
  • Low-carbon energy policy analysis;
  • Market mechanism design;
  • Energy storage solutions.

Dr. Zhaoyuan Wu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electricity market
  • energy policy
  • new types of power system operation and planning
  • low-carbon transition
  • energy storage
  • renewable energy integration

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2454 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Optimization of Ancillary Service Allocation in Renewable Energy Microgrids Using Virtual Load
by Amir Abed and Goran Dobric
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(18), 8370; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188370 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 688
Abstract
The stability of global economies relies heavily on power systems (PS) that have sufficient operating reserves. When these reserves are insufficient, power systems become vulnerable to issues such as load shedding or complete blackouts. Maintaining grid stability becomes even more challenging with a [...] Read more.
The stability of global economies relies heavily on power systems (PS) that have sufficient operating reserves. When these reserves are insufficient, power systems become vulnerable to issues such as load shedding or complete blackouts. Maintaining grid stability becomes even more challenging with a high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). However, RES, connected through power electronic devices, offer significant potential as ancillary service (AS) sources. Renewable energy-based microgrids (MG), which aggregate various RES resources and have substantial load control potential, further enhance the capability of AS provision from RES. The presence of diverse AS resources raises the question of how to dispatch ancillary service signals optimally to all resources. Most of the previous research work related to AS allocation relied on single-bus MG models. This paper proposes a detailed MG model for the optimal dispatching of ASs among the resources using Virtual Load, along with an optimization procedure to achieve the best results. The model incorporates voltage profiles and power losses for AS dispatching, and a comparative analysis is conducted to quantify the significance of grid modeling. The model and proposed procedure are tested using the CIGRE microgrid benchmark model. The results indicate that detailed modeling of MG can impact the results by 11%, compared to single-bus modeling, which qualifies detailed MG modeling for all future research work and shows the impact that modeling can have on technical and economic indicators of MG operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Power Systems)
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22 pages, 4141 KiB  
Article
Coordinated Planning of Soft Open Points and Energy Storage Systems to Enhance Flexibility of Distribution Networks
by Jingyu Li, Yifan Zhang, Chao Lv, Guangchen Liu, Zhongtian Ruan and Feiyang Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(18), 8309; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188309 - 14 Sep 2024
Viewed by 633
Abstract
With the large-scale penetration of distributed generation (DG), the volatility problems of active distribution networks (ADNs) have become more prominent, which can no longer be met by traditional regulation means and need to be regulated by introducing flexible resources. Soft open points (SOP) [...] Read more.
With the large-scale penetration of distributed generation (DG), the volatility problems of active distribution networks (ADNs) have become more prominent, which can no longer be met by traditional regulation means and need to be regulated by introducing flexible resources. Soft open points (SOP) and energy storage systems (ESS) can regulate the tidal currents on spatial and temporal scales, respectively, to improve the flexibility of ADN. To this end, in-depth consideration of DG admission is given to establish flexibility assessment indicators from the power side of ADN. The conditional deep convolution generative adversarial network (C-DCGAN) is used to generate the output scenario of DG. On this basis, the SOP and ESS two-layer planning models, which take account of the potential for improvement in the flexibility of ADN, are constructed. Among them, the upper layer is the site selection and volume determination layer, which considers the economy of the system with the optimization objective of minimizing the annual integrated cost; the lower layer is the operation optimization layer, which considers the flexibility of the system and takes the highest average daily flexibility level as the optimization objective. The planning model is solved using genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization (GA-PSO) and second-order cone programming (SOCP). The case analysis verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the planning model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Power Systems)
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24 pages, 3493 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Optimization of Coal Power and Renewable Energy Based on Generalized Adequacy
by Hao Yue, Bingqing Wu, Shunxin Li, Yin Zhang, Jin Gao, Yi Zhou, Zijian Meng and Zhaoyuan Wu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7864; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177864 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 624
Abstract
As China accelerates its transition to a low-carbon society, its power system is facing growing challenges in terms of maintaining adequacy amid a rapidly evolving energy structure. The concept of adequacy, traditionally focused on power capacity and generation, has broadened to include dimensions [...] Read more.
As China accelerates its transition to a low-carbon society, its power system is facing growing challenges in terms of maintaining adequacy amid a rapidly evolving energy structure. The concept of adequacy, traditionally focused on power capacity and generation, has broadened to include dimensions like flexibility and inertia. Against this backdrop, optimizing the integration of coal power and renewable energy to meet the system’s needs for adequacy, flexibility, and frequency stability has become a critical research area. This paper introduces the concept of “Generalized Adequacy”, expanding the traditional understanding of adequacy, and proposes an optimization model for the coordinated development of coal power and renewable energy based on this concept. This study examines the effects of extreme weather, renewable energy penetration, wind–solar ratios, and generalized adequacy constraints using a case study from a central region of China. The findings reveal that extreme weather conditions drive an increase in photovoltaic installations, while higher renewable energy penetration leads to more wind power installations. Accounting for generalized adequacy constraints can moderate the retirement of coal-fired plants, reducing unnecessary inertia support in normal conditions and ensuring dynamic frequency stability during extreme weather events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Power Systems)
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24 pages, 2897 KiB  
Article
Multi-Stage Coordinated Planning for Transmission and Energy Storage Considering Large-Scale Renewable Energy Integration
by Yan Liang, Hongli Liu, Hengyu Zhou, Zijian Meng, Jinxiong Liu and Ming Zhou
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6486; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156486 - 25 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 642
Abstract
Due to the large-scale integration of renewable energy and the rapid growth of peak load demand, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the construction of various resources to increase the acceptance capacity of renewable energy and meet power balance conditions. However, traditional grid [...] Read more.
Due to the large-scale integration of renewable energy and the rapid growth of peak load demand, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the construction of various resources to increase the acceptance capacity of renewable energy and meet power balance conditions. However, traditional grid planning methods can only plan transmission lines, often resulting in low utilization rates of newly constructed lines. Additionally, static planning methods can only address single-target scenarios and cannot cope with dynamic growth in load and renewable energy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-stage collaborative planning method for transmission networks and energy storage. This method considers the non-line substitution effect of energy storage resources and their characterization methods. It establishes the coupling relationship between resources across different planning stages to achieve coordinated multi-stage planning for transmission networks and energy storage. Based on the IEEE-24 node system and a case study in a northern province of China, the results show that the proposed method reduces investment costs by approximately 30% compared to static planning methods and by about 7.79% compared to conventional grid planning methods. Furthermore, this method can accommodate more renewable energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Power Systems)
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16 pages, 2914 KiB  
Article
Analyzing the Impact of Volatile Electricity Prices on Solar Energy Capture Rates in Central Europe: A Comparative Study
by Marek Pavlík, Matej Bereš and František Kurimský
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6396; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156396 - 23 Jul 2024
Viewed by 982
Abstract
Electricity prices have been exceptionally volatile in recent years. In 2022, we witnessed a sharp increase in electricity prices in many countries. Several factors contributed to this, including reduced electricity production by hydropower plants due to climatic conditions and geopolitical situations around the [...] Read more.
Electricity prices have been exceptionally volatile in recent years. In 2022, we witnessed a sharp increase in electricity prices in many countries. Several factors contributed to this, including reduced electricity production by hydropower plants due to climatic conditions and geopolitical situations around the world, amongst other factors. The research presented in this paper aims to analyze electricity price data and determine the parameters CPS (Capacity Payment Scheme) and CRS (Capacity Remuneration Scheme). These parameters are calculated from hourly data on a monthly basis from 2018 to the present. Determining these parameters provides a clearer understanding of the efficiency of utilizing photovoltaic power plants. However, the results indicate that identical CRS values can signify different situations in the electricity market. Given the current support for projects utilizing photovoltaic energy, the research findings may offer insights into the future direction of photovoltaic energy utilization. If CRS and CPS show positive trends (e.g., increasing values), this may suggest that current political measures (subsidies, supports, etc.) are effective. Policymakers could then strengthen or expand these measures. The research outcomes could shape the geopolitical situation in individual states. The research results show how differences in electricity prices in 2022 compared to pre-2022 affected CSP and CRS parameters. The findings also indicate that electricity prices vary across different countries, which naturally impacts the calculation of CPS and CRS. In 2024, a significant decline in CRS was observed across all analyzed countries, which may indicate issues with integrating solar energy into the market, market saturation, or changes in market dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Power Systems)
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