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Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances
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Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2021) | Viewed by 27957

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adriano Carnevali

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Guest Editor
Medical Doctor, Ophthalmologist, Research Fellow, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: imaging in retinal disease; cataract; diabetic retinopathy; age-related macular degeneration; optical coherence tomography; optical coherence tomography angiography; laser therapy; intravitreal injection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Vincenzo Scorcia

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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
Interests: keratoconus; keratoplasty; deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty; anterior segment OCT; cataract; endotelial keratoplasty; optical coherence tomography; corneal tomography; retinal disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Giannaccare

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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Gaecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: cornea; ocular surface disease; clinical ophthalmology; glaucoma; dry eye
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays ophthalmic practice widely depend on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), which are objective, reliable, and repeatable structural tests for both early diagnosis and detection of the progression of various ocular diseases. Regarding the imaging of the anterior pole of the eye, OCT is mainly used the study of cornea, anterior chamber including the angle and crystalline lens, while OCT-A for cornea, iris, sclera and conjunctiva. Regarding the imaging of the posterior pole of the eye, although clinical applications of OCT and OCT-A embrace the entire spectrum of chorioretinal diseases, the most promising fields are diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, inflammatory diseases, macular telangiectasia, and age-related macular degeneration.
 

The present Special Issue focuses on the broad range of research and clinical applications to which OCT and OCT-A can be applied, according to the most updated developments. Both original research papers and review articles are welcome; moreover, we will consider case series of exceptional merit.


Dr. Adriano Carnevali
Prof. Vincenzo Scorcia
Prof. Giuseppe Giannaccare
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Optical coherence tomography
  • Optical coherence tomography angiography
  • Retinal disease
  • Maculopathy
  • Retinal imaging: Diabetic retinopathy
  • Age-related macular degeneration
  • Central serous chorioretinopathy
  • Retinal vein occlusion
  • Macular dystrophies
  • Choroidal neovascularization
  • Pathologic myopia
  • Optic nerve…

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4469 KiB  
Article
Biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography (bOCT) in the Speedy Assessment of the Responses of the Seeds of Raphanus sativus L. (Kaiware Daikon) to Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)
by Danyang Li, Uma Maheswari Rajagopalan, Y. Sanath K. De Silva, Fenwu Liu and Hirofumi Kadono
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010355 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3537
Abstract
The extraction of mineral resources from mines plays a vital role in global socio-economic development. However, acid mine drainage (AMD) has been one of the major pollutants, and a vast area of the agricultural fields has been polluted. Therefore, techniques for monitoring the [...] Read more.
The extraction of mineral resources from mines plays a vital role in global socio-economic development. However, acid mine drainage (AMD) has been one of the major pollutants, and a vast area of the agricultural fields has been polluted. Therefore, techniques for monitoring the response of plants to AMD that arise during mineral extraction are necessary. In addition, such a technique becomes especially valuable to understand how the plants could play a role in the phytoremediation of AMD. We propose the use of biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography (bOCT) to investigate the response of Kaiware daikon seeds under the exposure to simulated AMD at two different concentrations of 40 mL/L and 80 mL/L. OCT images of the Kaiware daikon seed were obtained at a speed of 10 frames per second (1 frame: 512 × 2048 pixels) for a few tens of seconds. For each pixel of the OCT structural images, the contrast across the temporal axis was calculated to give biospeckle contrast OCT images (bOCT images). It was found that bOCT images clearly distinguished the changes due to 40 mL/L and 80 mL/L of AMD treatments from the control within a short time of around an hour, compared to the conventional OCT images that failed to show any changes. This variation was found to be statistically significant and could reflect the internal activity of the seeds. The proposed bOCT method could be a rapid, non-invasive technique for screening suitable plants in AMD phytoremediation applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances)
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9 pages, 2240 KiB  
Article
Choroidal Vascularity Index in Adult-Onset Foveomacular Vitelliform Dystrophy: A Pilot Study
by Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh, Serena Fragiotta, Chiara Ciacimino, Mariachiara Di Pippo and Gianluca Scuderi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10487; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110487 - 8 Nov 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3561
Abstract
This pilot study aims to investigate choroidal vascular status in eyes with adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD), early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and age-matched controls. In this retrospective study, choroidal thickness (CT) was measured manually using spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of [...] Read more.
This pilot study aims to investigate choroidal vascular status in eyes with adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD), early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and age-matched controls. In this retrospective study, choroidal thickness (CT) was measured manually using spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of the fovea, and 500 and 1500 µm from the nasal and temporal regions in the fovea. The horizontal B-scan was imported into Fiji software. Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and luminal and stromal areas were calculated. A total of 36 eyes from 36 patients, including 18 eyes with AOFVD and 18 eyes with CD, and 16 eyes of healthy subjects were included. CVI was significantly different among subgroups (ANOVA, p = 0.004). Eyes with AOFVD presented a higher CVI (+0.03 ± 0.01, p = 0.001) than eyes with CD and controls (p = 0.03). No differences in CVI were detected between controls and eyes with CD (p = 0.25). AOFVD eyes accounted for the greatest luminal area, particularly significant in comparison with healthy controls (+0.27 ± 0.11, p = 0.02). AOFVD eyes present a greater CVI than eyes with CD and controls. The major choroidal involvement is on the luminal component, further corroborating a possible role of the choroidal vasculature in the pathological manifestations of AOFVD disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances)
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7 pages, 1388 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Amsler–Krumeich and Sandali Classifications for Staging Eyes with Keratoconus
by Giuseppe Giannaccare, Gianluca Murano, Adriano Carnevali, Angeli Christy Yu, Sabrina Vaccaro, Gianfranco Scuteri, Laura Maltese and Vincenzo Scorcia
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 4007; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094007 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4816
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is the most common corneal ectasia characterized by progressive corneal thinning, protrusion, and irregular astigmatism. The Amsler–Krumeich classification based on the analysis of corneal topography, corneal thickness, refraction and biomicroscopy is the most commonly used; recently, a new classification based on [...] Read more.
Keratoconus (KC) is the most common corneal ectasia characterized by progressive corneal thinning, protrusion, and irregular astigmatism. The Amsler–Krumeich classification based on the analysis of corneal topography, corneal thickness, refraction and biomicroscopy is the most commonly used; recently, a new classification based on anterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography was introduced by Sandali and colleagues. Since there is no information about the possible agreement between these two classifications, the aim of this study is to compare the stratification of consecutive KC patients using the Amsler–Krumeich and Sandali classifications, and to further ascertain KC cases in which one classification is preferred over the other. Overall, 252 eyes of 137 patients (41.45 ± 16.93 years) were analyzed: in 156 eyes (61.9%), the Amsler and Sandali staging differed in one stage while in 75 cases (29.8%) it differed in two or more stages. In 222 eyes (88.1%), the Sandali staging was higher compared to the Amsler one. These results show that the two classifications are not fully interchangeable: the Amsler–Krumeich classification is more appropriate in identifying and longitudinally monitoring patients with early stages of KC, while the Sandali classification for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with more advanced stages, particularly when a surgical planning has to be chosen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances)
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10 pages, 1422 KiB  
Article
Influences of Central Bouquet Alterations on the Visual Outcome in Eyes Receiving Epiretinal Membrane Surgery
by Max Philipp Brinkmann, Stephan Michels, Carolin Brinkmann, Mario Damiano Toro, Nicole Graf Johansen, Felix Rommel, Mahdy Ranjbar and Matthias Becker
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11030926 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3531
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that epiretinal membranes (ERMs) may be associated with abnormal outer retinal anatomy. However, long-term morphological and functional results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in eyes with central bouquet (CB) alterations [...] Read more.
Background: Previous studies have shown that epiretinal membranes (ERMs) may be associated with abnormal outer retinal anatomy. However, long-term morphological and functional results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in eyes with central bouquet (CB) alterations have not yet been investigated. Methods: In a retrospective, consecutive study all patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) before and after a mean of 20 months (range 3–70 months) postoperatively. CB abnormalities and ERMs were classified according to Govetto’s staging systems. Results: Of the 67 eyes, 22 (34%) showed CB abnormalities at baseline. The mean BCVA increased from 0.42 at baseline to 0.20 LogMAR at final follow-up (p < 0.001). Neither ERM stage (p = 0.06) nor CB stage (p = 0.939) at baseline were significant predictors of vision improvement following surgery. Conclusions: Our results show that baseline BCVA, but not classification of CB changes and ERM at baseline, seems to be a useful predictor for functional outcomes following PPV with ERM and ILM peeling in the long-term. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances)
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9 pages, 686 KiB  
Article
OCT Analysis in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis during Fingolimod Therapy: 2-Year Longitudinal Retrospective Study
by Settimio Rossi, Carlo Gesualdo, Antonio Gallo, Paolo Melillo, Francesco Martines, Raffaella Colucci, Alessandro d’Ambrosio, Gioacchino Tedeschi and Francesca Simonelli
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7085; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207085 - 12 Oct 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2528
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the usefulness of some optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, like total macular volume (TMV) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL-T), for monitoring patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are no real-world, long-term studies on patients with relapsing-remitting [...] Read more.
Many studies have demonstrated the usefulness of some optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, like total macular volume (TMV) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL-T), for monitoring patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are no real-world, long-term studies on patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) treated with fingolimod. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe retinal changes associated with fingolimod therapy during a two-year follow-up while considering previous episodes of optic neuritis (ON). Patients diagnosed with RR-MS and treated with fingolimod (46 in total) underwent a two-year follow-up. Based on previous ON history, we identified 16 ON+ and 30 ON− patients. The ophthalmological evaluations, including visual field (VF) examination and OCT, were performed at a baseline at 3–6, 12 and 24 months to evaluate the progression rate for each parameter. When analyzing the whole sample, OCT showed no cases of macular edema. Instead, we observed a significant reduction rate in the central retinal thickness (CRT) (p < 0.001), TMV (p < 0.001) and RNFL (p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed a significant difference in the progression rate between ON+ and ON− patients, relative to the VF and RNFL (p < 0.05) examinations. OCT highlighted a significant progression rate of retinal damage in MS patients despite fingolimod therapy, especially in MS ON+ patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances)
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14 pages, 1939 KiB  
Article
Detection of Neurological and Ophthalmological Pathologies with Optical Coherence Tomography Using Retinal Thickness Measurements: A Bibliometric Study
by F. Javier Povedano-Montero, Robert N. Weinreb, Isidoro Raga-Martínez, Alejandro Romero and Francisco López-Muñoz
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(16), 5477; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165477 - 7 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2778
Abstract
We carry out a bibliometric analysis on neurological and ophthalmological pathologies based on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Documents were selected from Scopus database. We have applied the most commonly used bibliometric indicators, both for production [...] Read more.
We carry out a bibliometric analysis on neurological and ophthalmological pathologies based on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Documents were selected from Scopus database. We have applied the most commonly used bibliometric indicators, both for production and dispersion, as Price’s law of scientific literature growth, Lotka’s law, the transient index, and the Bradford model. Finally, the participation index of the different countries and affiliations was calculated. Two-hundred-and-forty-one documents from the period 2000–2019 were retrieved. Scientific production was better adjusted to linear growth (r = 0.88) than exponential (r = 0.87). The duplication time of the documents obtained was 5.6 years. The transience index was 89.62%, which indicates that most of the scientific production is due to very few authors. The signature rate per document was 5.2. Nine journals made up the Bradford core. USA and University of California present the highest production. The most frequently discussed topics on RNFL thinning are glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). The growth of the scientific literature on RNFL thickness was linear, with a very high rate of transience, which indicates low productivity and the presence of numerous authors who sporadically publish on this topic. No evidence of a saturation point was observed. In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in documents relating the decline of RNFL to NDD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances)
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Review

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20 pages, 7389 KiB  
Review
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Intermediate and Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Review of Current Technical Aspects and Applications
by Adriano Carnevali, Rodolfo Mastropasqua, Valentina Gatti, Sabrina Vaccaro, Alessandra Mancini, Rossella D’Aloisio, Marco Lupidi, Alessio Cerquaglia, Riccardo Sacconi, Enrico Borrelli, Claudio Iovino, Livio Vitiello, Mario Damiano Toro, Aldo Vagge, Federico Bernabei, Marco Pellegrini, Antonio Di Zazzo, Matteo Forlini and Giuseppe Giannaccare
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8865; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248865 - 11 Dec 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5458
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive diagnostic instrument that has become indispensable for the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). OCTA allows quickly visualizing retinal and choroidal microvasculature, and in the last years, its use has increased in clinical practice as [...] Read more.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive diagnostic instrument that has become indispensable for the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). OCTA allows quickly visualizing retinal and choroidal microvasculature, and in the last years, its use has increased in clinical practice as well as for research into the pathophysiology of AMD. This review provides a discussion of new technology and application of OCTA in intermediate and late AMD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography: From OCT-A to All Latest Advances)
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