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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2024) | Viewed by 26521

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Keiji Shinozuka

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Guest Editor

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo 1018310, Japan
Interests: bioinformatics analysis; assessment of orthognathic surgery; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis; oral disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is focused on the advancement of therapies relating to maxillofacial and oral surgery and seeks to solicit manuscripts, reviews or commentaries on oral cancer, dentofacial deformities, oral disease, oral manifestations of systemic disease, and obstructive sleep apnea, as well as new investigations of these diseases. We will also accept work focused on completed and/or ongoing clinical studies. We are interested in articles that explore new knowledge of oral manifestations of systemic disease and new investigations related to the genetic mechanisms of the carcinogenesis, progression and prognosis of oral cancer.

Recently, CFD analysis has become a highly precise and reliable method for the numeric analysis of respiration flow and has emerged as the preferred tool, attracting attention for its ability to perform dynamic evaluations compared with static evaluations such as X-ray and CT; submissions relating to thie field of study are especially welcome. We encourage submissions from all investigators at different levels in their careers.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Bioinformatics analysis—the genetic mechanism of the carcinogenesis, progression and prognosis of oral cancer.
Assessment of orthognathic surgery—morphological changes in the pharyngeal airway space.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis—the prediction of airway changes for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Oral disease—oral manifestations of systemic disease.

Dr. Keiji Shinozuka
Guest Editor

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Keywords

molecular target treatment
exosomal microRNA
dentofacial deformity
computational fluid dynamics
oral disease

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 749 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Condylar Changes Following Mandibular Setback Using Manual Guidance

by Seong-Gon Kim, Young-Wook Park and Ji-Hyeon Oh

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9796; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179796 - 30 Aug 2023

Viewed by 978

Abstract

The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze changes in the position of the condyles following mandibular setback surgery with manual guidance. The study included 28 patients with mandibular prognathism who underwent mandibular setback surgery using manual guidance with a bioabsorbable mesh for mandibular fixation, and changes in the position of the center of the condylar head were compared at three time points: before surgery (T0), within 1 week after surgery (T1), and 6 months after surgery (T2). The results showed significant lateral, anterior, and inferior movements of the condyle at T1 compared to T0, with an average movement of 0.66 ± 0.84 mm along the x-axis, −1.27 ± 0.82 mm along the y-axis, and −0.20 ± 0.69 mm along the z-axis, with a 1.77 ± 0.87 mm linear distance (p < 0.05). At T2, the condylar position had mainly changed inferiorly along the y-axis (−0.17 ± 0.48 mm) (p < 0.05) compared to that at T0. The change in the position along the x-axis (−0.14 ± 0.57 mm), z-axis (−0.05 ± 0.68 mm), and linear distance (0.85 ± 0.57 mm) at T2 was not significantly different from that in the condylar position at T0 (p > 0.05). The study suggests that significant anterior–lateral–inferior condylar movement occurs within 1 week after mandibular setback surgery using manual guidance, but the condyle returns to its original position over time, which is clinically acceptable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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Review

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22 pages, 2587 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impacts of Development, Dentofacial Disharmony, and Its Surgical Correction on Speech: A Narrative Review for Dental Professionals

by Christine Bode, Nare Ghaltakhchyan, Erika Rezende Silva, Timothy Turvey, George Blakey, Raymond White, Jeff Mielke, David Zajac and Laura Jacox

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5496; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095496 - 28 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4267

Abstract

Speech is a communication method found only in humans that relies on precisely articulated sounds to encode and express thoughts. Anatomical differences in the maxilla, mandible, tooth position, and vocal tract affect tongue placement and broadly influence the patterns of airflow and resonance during speech production. Alterations in these structures can create perceptual distortions in speech known as speech sound disorders (SSDs). As craniofacial development occurs, the vocal tract, jaws, and teeth change in parallel with stages of speech development, from babbling to adult phonation. Alterations from a normal Class 1 dental and skeletal relationship can impact speech. Dentofacial disharmony (DFD) patients have jaw disproportions, with a high prevalence of SSDs, where the severity of malocclusion correlates with the degree of speech distortion. DFD patients often seek orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment, but there is limited familiarity among dental providers on the impacts of malocclusion and its correction on speech. We sought to review the interplay between craniofacial and speech development and the impacts of orthodontic and surgical treatment on speech. Shared knowledge can facilitate collaborations between dental specialists and speech pathologists for the proper diagnosis, referral, and treatment of DFD patients with speech pathologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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13 pages, 2541 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Case Series on Intraoral Blue Nevi with a Literature Review-Based Clinico-Pathologic Comparison of Intraoral Blue Nevi with Other Oral Melanocytic Nevi

by Primali. R. Jayasooriya, B. Ranjit. R. N. Mendis and Tommaso Lombardi

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4420; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074420 - 30 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4131

Abstract

Nevi are pigmented lesions of bluish-black colour that may occasionally occur in the oral cavity. Out of several oral melanocytic nevi (OMN), blue nevi are significant as some variants are diagnostically challenging due to histopathological overlap with malignant melanoma. The aim of the present report was to present the clinico-pathologic characteristics of 8 new cases of intraoral common blue nevi and 22 OMN. A literature review-based comparison of the clinico-pathological characteristics of intraoral blue nevi with intramucosal nevi is presented. Analysis of the clinico-pathologic characteristics of eight common blue nevi revealed that they are generally small lesions of less than 1 cm in size and are of bluish-black colouration. These lesions were commonly identified in adults (88%), with a female predilection. The hard palate was the most common site of occurrence. These findings could be collaborated with the findings observed in the literature review. It was also revealed that a common blue nevus was the second most common lesion among all OMN. The intraoral common blue nevi included in the present series did not show recurrences or undergo malignant transformation after being followed up for up to 15 years. Unlike a common blue nevus, the literature reveals that a cellular blue nevus or its atypical variant is more diagnostically challenging, while a diagnosis of an epithelioid blue nevus should be followed up with investigations to exclude Carney complex. In conclusion, this case series and literature review reveal that OMN, including intraoral common blue nevi, are small indolent lesions with extremely low malignant transformation potential. A significantly smaller size, well-defined margins and lack of variegations in colour are all features that could be used as clues to differentiate intraoral common blue nevi from mucosal malignant melanoma. However, the diagnosis needs to be confirmed with histopathology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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19 pages, 333 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pathological Background and Clinical Procedures in Oral Surgery Haemostasis Disorders: A Narrative Review

by Federica Pulicari, Matteo Pellegrini, Andrea Scribante, Elisabetta Kuhn and Francesco Spadari

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2076; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042076 - 5 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1683

Abstract

Haemostasis disorders are serious pathologies that could put dental and surgical procedures at risk as they are associated with postoperative bleeding, which in some circumstances could be prolonged and dangerous for the patient. In-depth knowledge of the problems associated with coagulation pathologies and the suitable specific procedures should be implemented in dental practice. A good awareness of the clinical protocols to be used in these circumstances may help reduce operator stress and increase patient compliance. Collaboration with the haematologist is always recommended to establish an adequate treatment plan, both regarding the administration of therapies that promote haemostasis and for assessing the operative risk. Hereby, we summarize the congenital and hereditary pathologies that lead to haemostasis disorders, which can be found in patients undergoing dental procedures. The purpose of this narrative review is to frame the diseases from a clinical, anamnestic, and etiopathological standpoint, as well as to evaluate an operative approach to the pathology under consideration, with particular attention to anaesthesia manoeuvres and post-surgical haemostasis, to avoid hematoma formation and uncontrolled bleeding which can lead procedure failure up and even death. Of note, it is likewise important to educate the patient about prevention, to keep the oral cavity healthy and avoid invasive procedures, limiting the number of operative sessions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

Other

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16 pages, 525 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Quantitative Volumetric Enamel Loss after Orthodontic Debracketing/Debonding and Clean-Up Procedures: A Systematic Review

by Gaetano Paolone, Mauro Mandurino, Sofia Baldani, Maria Giacinta Paolone, Cecilia Goracci, Salvatore Scolavino, Enrico Gherlone, Giuseppe Cantatore and Giorgio Gastaldi

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5369; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095369 - 25 Apr 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2019

Abstract

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review assessing quantitative enamel loss occurring after orthodontic debonding and clean-up procedures. Materials and Methods: A systematic search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was performed on different databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) for papers investigating volumetric enamel loss due to bracket and clear aligner attachment debonding and/or clean-up procedures. Studies investigating in vivo and in vitro articles published in the English language until 16 July 2022 were included. The study selection was then performed by two authors who screened the abstracts independently. Results: Of 421 screened abstracts, 41 articles were selected for full-text analysis. Finally, nine studies were included in this review. No in vivo papers were retrieved. In vitro papers investigated volumetric loss caused by the removal of metal brackets (n = 7), ceramic brackets (n = 1), and both (n = 1). The clean-up procedure varied among all investigations. Impressions at baseline and after debonding/clean-up were superimposed, and the volumes were subtracted using different 3D digital analysis software. Among all included studies, the volumetric loss of enamel ranged from 0.02 ± 0.01 mm³ to 0.61 ± 0.51 mm³ per tooth. Conclusions: Debonding and clean-up procedures produce enamel loss. The debonding/clean-up procedure that is able to cause the least enamel volume loss has yet to be identified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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13 pages, 1870 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Needle Fracture in Pterygomandibular Space during Loco-Regional Dental Anesthesia: Systematic Review

by Nunzio Cirulli, Assunta Patano, Giulia Palmieri, Chiara Di Pede, Vito Settanni, Fabio Piras, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Antonio Mancini, Biagio Rapone, Giuseppina Malcangi, Francesco Inchingolo, Daniela Di Venere, Gianna Dipalma and Angelo Michele Inchingolo

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4421; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074421 - 30 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2097

Abstract

Background: Dentists administer hundreds of thousands of injections every day without particular concern, but the administration of local anesthetics can cause problems. One event, fortunately uncommon, that is discussed accurately but can cause significant concern is needle breakage. The purpose of this article is to review what has been reported in the literature on this topic to learn about patient symptomatology, management and possible complications. In addition, the case of a 34-year-old patient with needle persistence in the pterygoid space due to accidental rupture during inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN) was reported, for whom non-removal and monitoring over time was chosen. Materials and Methods: A literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases was conducted analyzing anesthetic needle rupture during dental surgery. Results: At the end of the selection process, 17 articles resulted. Asymptomatic subjects were found, as well as those who had several symptoms. No issues were recorded by any of the authors, whether they withdrew the needle or simply monitored the patient. Conclusions: The literature on needle rupture during dental local anesthesia is scarce, and studies report conflicting results on treatment options. Most authors reported removing the fragment; however, others preferred conservative management limited to patient monitoring. No complications were reported in any study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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8 pages, 2366 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Own Method of Forehead Skin-Sinus Fistula Treatment with Enabling and Maintaining Physiological Drainage in Overgrowing Inflammation of the Sinuses-A Case Report

by Marek Łapok, Michał Polguj, Jarosław Miłoński and Marcin Kozakiewicz

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2107; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042107 - 6 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1711

Abstract

Surgical treatment of craniofacial region diseases associated with soft tissue and bone loss is always a challenge for medical specialists. The paper reports a case of a 70-year-old patient who presented with a defect in the forehead area that had been dermatologically treated. Following clinical, laboratory and imaging diagnostics, the lesion was classified as skin sinus fistula. The case study analyzes overgrowth of the nasofrontal duct associated with the laryngological endoscopic procedure (restoring the patency of the frontal sinus was performed as the initial part of the treatment.) Maxillofacial surgeons made an attempt to create an acrylic “space maintainer” which can be used either temporarily or as the ultimate option. The manuscript also describes a method of multi-specialized surgical treatment and subsequent esthetic management with the use of an individualized epithesis for soft tissue replacement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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8 pages, 1609 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia as a Result of a Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor: Detecting Rare Origin

by Junho Jung, Minah Kim, So-Woon Kim and Joo-Young Ohe

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021081 - 13 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1823

Abstract

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is strongly related to tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) which brings diverse skeletal events, such as bony deformities, gait disturbance, and multiple bone fractures. Overexpressed fibroblast growth factor 23 by the tumor induces hypophosphatemia leading to the oncogenic osteomalacia, a rare paraneoplastic syndrome. PMT occurring in the oral and maxillofacial regions is extremely rare, and this case highlights the need to understand mechanisms by which local lesions can affect systemic conditions, and the importance of a combination of physical examinations, laboratory investigations, and radiologic investigations for a decisive diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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14 pages, 715 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effects of Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion on Facial Soft Tissues: A Systematic Review

by Fotis Vogiatzis, Petros Roussos, Ioannis Doulis, Georgia Palikaraki, Panagiotis Christopoulos and Iosif Sifakakis

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11859; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211859 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2141

Abstract

Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) is a successful method for treating transverse discrepancies in adult patients. The relocation of maxillary segments may induce changes at the surrounding soft tissues as well. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the possible effects that SARPE may have in the soft tissues of the face. Our search strategy included electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library) and a hand search of the reference list of found reviews. A priori definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria was made. Finally, 15 articles were included in qualitative synthesis. Risk of bias was generally high among the included studies. Study outcomes included nasal, labial, nasolabial and other facial soft tissue measurements. The evaluation of the changes was two-dimensional in six studies, and three-dimensional in nine studies. Meta-analysis was unfeasible due to lack of standardization, important methodological limitations, and shortcomings of the studies. A post-surgical increase in the dimensions of the alar width and the alar base width was commonly reported among the included studies. However, the above should be considered with caution due to the high risk of bias and the inability for quantitative synthesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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6 pages, 3172 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Trigeminal Schwannoma Presenting with Masticatory Muscle Atrophy: A Rare Case Report

by Tona Yoshino, Keiji Shinozuka, Kana Yokoyama, Ayana Yamakawa and Morio Tonogi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9919; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199919 - 1 Oct 2022

Viewed by 4216

Abstract

Trigeminal schwannoma (TS) presenting with masticatory muscle atrophy is very rare. Here, we report the case of an 80 year-old male patient with TS presenting with masticatory muscle atrophy in October 2014. The patient had been diagnosed with hypertrophic pachymeningitis and right intracranial TS in 2013 by his neurologist, for which he was treated with steroids. However, his symptoms in the trigeminal innervation region persisted. He visited our department due to difficulty in opening his mouth as well as eating. Surgery was not performed owing to his advanced age and general condition. His trismus was improved by mouth opening training via manual manipulation for three years. We suggest that TS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with masticatory muscle atrophy. Consultation with a neurologist is also essential. Manual manipulation may be an effective non-surgical treatment option for patients with difficulty in mouth opening owing to TS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery)

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