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Novel Insights in Fabrication of Scaffolds Using Electrospinning and Electrochemical / Electrophoretic Depositions

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 6910

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: fabrication of anisotropic surfaces/scaffolds to study cells behavior according to the contact guidance theory; soft lithography, electrospinning, electrophoretic and electrochemical techniques, sol gel process; natural polymers

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Interests: biomaterials for scaffold fabrication with different techniques (i.e. electrospinning, 3D printing, freeze drying, foam replica method), in particular with the aim to design scaffolds with gradients in composition and morphology able to mimic interface tissues; application of electrospun scaffolds for reproductive organs tissue engineering
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute a short communication, full article or review to this Special Issue, entitled ‘Novel Insights in Fabrication of Scaffolds Using Electrospinning and Electrochemical / Electrophoretic Depositions’

Electrospinning enables the fabrication of fibrous scaffolds with fibers in the sub-micrometer range, able to mimic the morphology of the native extra cellular matrix (ECM). Over the years, more than 200 polymers have been electrospun for various applications and the number is still increasing with time. In the last number of years, several researchers have focused their activities on “green electrospinning” and on the use of “benign solvents” for the electrospinning process. The advantages of the use of these solvents are related to avoid the protein denaturation during the process (i.e. collagen), avoid neutralization post-processing due to the traces of toxic solvents in the electrospun mats, and also to have a positive environmental impact.

Electrochemical/electrophoretic depositions have been widely used to deposit on metallic substrates ceramics or polymers, recently these techniques have also been used to fabricate self-standing structures of polymers, blends and composites, allowing different applications in regenerative medicine.

Thanks to the versatility of these fabrication techniques, it will be possible to investigate scaffolds for a wide range of applications to promote the regeneration of hard and soft tissues but also to fabricate scaffolds for drug and gene delivery. The combination of several scaffolds’ fabrication techniques is suitable to obtain complex multilayered structures with gradients in composition, morphology, physical and mechanical properties for interface tissue engineering applications.

Dr. Lina Altomare
Dr. Liliana Liverani
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • electro-biofabrication
  • natural polymers
  • electrospinning
  • porous scaffolds
  • biomaterials
  • benign solvents
  • gradients
  • electrophoretic deposition
  • tissue engineering

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7008 KiB  
Article
Incorporation of Bioactive Glasses Containing Mg, Sr, and Zn in Electrospun PCL Fibers by Using Benign Solvents
by Rachele Sergi, Valeria Cannillo, Aldo R. Boccaccini and Liliana Liverani
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(16), 5530; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165530 - 10 Aug 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3848
Abstract
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/bioactive glass composite fiber mats were produced by electrospinning technique. To improve cell adhesion and proliferation (i) 45S5, (ii) a bioactive glass containing strontium and magnesium oxides, and (iii) a bioactive glass containing zinc oxide were separately added to the [...] Read more.
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/bioactive glass composite fiber mats were produced by electrospinning technique. To improve cell adhesion and proliferation (i) 45S5, (ii) a bioactive glass containing strontium and magnesium oxides, and (iii) a bioactive glass containing zinc oxide were separately added to the starting PCL solution before electrospinning. A good incorporation of bioactive glass particles in PCL electrospun mats was confirmed by SEM and FTIR analyses. Bioactivity was evaluated by immersion of PCL mats and PCL/bioactive glass electrospun fiber mats in simulated body fluid (SBF). Bone murine stromal cells (ST-2) were employed in WST-8 assay to assess cell viability, cell morphology, and proliferation. The results showed that the presence of bioactive glass particles in the fibers enhances cell adhesion and proliferation compared to neat PCL mats. Furthermore, PCL/bioactive glass electrospun mats showed higher wound-healing rate (measured as cell migration rate) in vitro compared to neat PCL electrospun mats. Therefore, the characteristics of the PCL matrix combined with biological properties of bioactive glasses make PCL/bioactive glass composite ideal candidate for biomedical application. Full article
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14 pages, 6039 KiB  
Article
Micro-Structured Patches for Dermal Regeneration Obtained via Electrophoretic Replica Deposition
by Arash Ghalayani Esfahani, Lina Altomare, Lorenzo Bonetti, Fereshteh Nejaddehbashi, Francesca Boccafoschi, Roberto Chiesa, Federica Boschetti, Vahid Bayati and Luigi De Nardo
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(14), 5010; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10145010 - 21 Jul 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2607
Abstract
Artificial substrates supporting the healing of skin wounds require specific structural and chemical architectures that promote a recapitulation of the complexity of the native organ. Bottom-up fabrication technologies are emerging as effective strategies to fine tune biochemical, morphological, and structural features intended for [...] Read more.
Artificial substrates supporting the healing of skin wounds require specific structural and chemical architectures that promote a recapitulation of the complexity of the native organ. Bottom-up fabrication technologies are emerging as effective strategies to fine tune biochemical, morphological, and structural features intended for regenerative applications. Here, we proposed an electrophoretic replica deposition (EPrD) approach to realize chitosan three-dimensional structures specifically designed to treat patients with serious cutaneous damages or losses. The EPrD process has been optimized to consistently obtain random porosity vs. hierarchical lattice structures, showing mechanical properties in the range of skin tissue (E = 0.2–20 MPa). The obtained patches were tested in vivo via a one-stage grafting procedure in a full thickness skin wound rat model. Chitosan patches showed no adverse reactions throughout the experimental period (14 days). Hair follicles and sebaceous glands were observed in histological sections, indicating the regeneration of a thin epidermal layer with more skin appendages. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that keratin 10 was mostly expressed in basal and suprabasal layers, like normal skin, in structures with random porosity and with smaller lattice structures. The obtained results show the potential of EPrD to innovate the design of artificial substrates in skin healing therapies. Full article
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