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Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures—2nd Edition
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Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures—2nd Edition

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 3756

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xiao-li Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
Interests: tunnel engineering; geotechnical engineering; civil engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue entitled “Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures”.

Geotechnical structures such as slopes, tunnels, retaining walls, and foundations unavoidably suffer from various adverse factors during construction and service. These factors include rainfall, earthquake, groundwater and complex geological conditions, among others. To enhance the structural stability, reinforcement techniques such as piles, bolts and geosynthetics are generally used; these can be classified as favorable factors. To achieve more realistic and reliable solutions, the influences of these adverse and favorable factors should be carefully considered in the design and stability analysis of geotechnical structures. Although approaches to analyzing the stability of geotechnical structures are being increasingly developed, many problems remain to be addressed.

This Special Issue aims to aid in the recognition of the effects of different factors on the stability of geotechnical structures. In this Special Issue, we welcome submissions that contribute to the study of stability in geotechnical structures. Both analytical and numerical studies are welcome, as well as manuscripts presenting experiments or engineering applications.

Prof. Dr. Xiao-li Yang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • geotechnical stability
  • earth pressure
  • geological engineering
  • structure safety analysis

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

37 pages, 24198 KiB  
Article
Proactive Measures for Preventing Highway Embankment Failures on Expansive Soil: Developing an Early Warning Protocol
by Masoud Nobahar and Sadik Khan
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9381; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209381 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 530
Abstract
Efficient data use for early warnings is a critical component of failure management, which encompasses activities such as vulnerable zone mapping, prediction, warning elements, prevention, planning, and action. This study proposes an early warning protocol (EWP) against highway embankment (HWE) failures constructed on [...] Read more.
Efficient data use for early warnings is a critical component of failure management, which encompasses activities such as vulnerable zone mapping, prediction, warning elements, prevention, planning, and action. This study proposes an early warning protocol (EWP) against highway embankment (HWE) failures constructed on expansive soil, implementing in filed situ/lab testing, instrumentation, geophysical testing, 2D/3D finite element method (FEM) analysis, development of machine learning-based predictive models, and analysis of the slope vulnerability index (SVI) factor. Six referenced HWEs were investigated, instrumented, monitored, and considered to measure their evaluative parameters (soil in situ, soil index properties, and factor of safety). The field-recorded data were validated using 2D electrical resistivity imaging. The 2D/3D FEM numerical models were developed based on the field-recorded rainfall volume to analyze the flow and coupled flow deformation of the HWEs’ slopes. Predictive models were implemented to analyze the SVI, and the EWP was developed. The action plan was found to be the main component of the proposed EWP. Observing, planning, deciding, and acting are the proposed EWP’s key predecessors. The developed EWP for embankment slope failure mitigation could benefit various public and private transportation agencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures—2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 1715 KiB  
Article
Face Stability Analysis for Tunnels under Steady Unsaturated Seepage and Inhomogeneity Conditions
by Yi Xie, Hong Liao and De Zhou
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9377; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209377 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 631
Abstract
In the field of tunnels, the stability of tunnel faces is generally considered in dry, saturated and homogeneous soils. However, the actual condition of some soils has been found to be inhomogeneous, with unsaturated seepage. In this paper, an analytical method is applied [...] Read more.
In the field of tunnels, the stability of tunnel faces is generally considered in dry, saturated and homogeneous soils. However, the actual condition of some soils has been found to be inhomogeneous, with unsaturated seepage. In this paper, an analytical method is applied to estimate the safety factor when the supporting force at the tunnel face is zero under steady unsaturated seepage and inhomogeneous conditions. This method combines kinematic limit analysis techniques with strength reduction techniques; an efficient stress formulation utilizing suction stress is employed to determine the apparent cohesive force to obtain the solution of the steady unsaturated seepage problem, and indicators of soil inhomogeneity are attributed to the effect on cohesion. A 3D log-spiral collapse mechanism is used to find the zero supporting pressure and determine the safety factor through an iterative method. This paper analyzes the effect of variations in the unsaturated parameters, inhomogeneity parameters and tunnel dimensional parameters on the stability of the tunnel face. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 18071 KiB  
Article
Seismic Wave Amplification Characteristics in Slope Sections of Various Inclined Model Grounds
by Sugeun Jeong, Minseo Moon and Daehyeon Kim
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(19), 9014; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199014 - 6 Oct 2024
Viewed by 595
Abstract
The collapse of slopes caused by earthquakes can lead to landslides, resulting in significant damage to both lives and structures. Seismic reinforcement of these slopes can protect social systems during an earthquake. In South Korea, where more than 70% of the land is [...] Read more.
The collapse of slopes caused by earthquakes can lead to landslides, resulting in significant damage to both lives and structures. Seismic reinforcement of these slopes can protect social systems during an earthquake. In South Korea, where more than 70% of the land is mountainous, the stability of slopes is of paramount importance compared to other countries. While many seismic designs are based on peak ground acceleration (PGA), there is relatively little consideration given to the extent of PGA’s influence, and few studies have been done. This study aims to assess the seismic amplification of slopes with multilayers using a 1 g shaking table and verify the results through numerical analysis after confirming the impact of PGA at specific points. Typically, slope model experiments are conducted on single-layered ground models. However, actual ground conditions consist of multiple layers rather than a single layer, so a multi-layered model was created with different properties for the upper and lower layers. Two multi-layered ground models consisting of two layers were created, one with a flat ground surface and the other with a sloped surface. The properties of the two layers in each model were configured as a single layer to create the slope models. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the four ground models was compared, revealing that seismic wave amplification increases as it moves upward, and the amplification is even greater when transitioning from the lower to the upper ground layers, leading to different dynamic behavior of the slope. Through the contour lines, the influence of PGA was further confirmed, and it was found that approximately 60% of the PGA impact occurs at the topmost part of the slope on average. Analysis of the earthquake waves showed that the top of the slope experienced an average amplification of about 31.75% compared to the input motion, while the lower part experienced an average amplification of about 27.85%. Numerical analysis was performed using the ABAQUS program, and the results were compared with the 1 g shaking table experiments through spectral acceleration (SA), showing good agreement with the experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures—2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 8026 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Stability of a High Fill Slope under Different Gradients and Precipitation Conditions
by Hongda Zhang, Chengda Zhang, Weiqiang Zheng, Xiaoquan Wang and Jiangwei Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7590; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177590 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 769
Abstract
The stability problem of high fill slopes has always been a research hotspot. Its failure mechanism is complex and prominent, featuring strong concealment, a short occurrence time and great harmfulness. In this paper, the stability of a high fill slope under rainfall conditions [...] Read more.
The stability problem of high fill slopes has always been a research hotspot. Its failure mechanism is complex and prominent, featuring strong concealment, a short occurrence time and great harmfulness. In this paper, the stability of a high fill slope under rainfall conditions will be studied by using indoor tests, numerical simulations, etc. The study is based on a high fill slope in Yichang City. The evolution law of high fill slope stability under the maximum rainfall condition is revealed. The results show the following: The influence of moisture content on stress–strain curves is reflected in both the curve’s shape and the peak value of deviatoric stress. Under the constraint of confining pressure, the curve decreases and the peak value of deviatoric stress decreases with the increase of moisture content at the same confining pressure. The safety factor obtained by a rigid body limit equilibrium analysis and numerical calculation indicates that the safety factor for a 30° slope meets the requirements for slope stability evaluation and remains in a fundamentally stable state. An on-site investigation suggests that surface failure and shallow failure may be primary failure modes for this slope; therefore, it is recommended to implement slope protection measures. This study provides valuable references for similar high fill slopes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures—2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 3323 KiB  
Article
Slope Stability Analysis of Rockfill Embankments Considering Stress-Dependent Spatial Variability in Friction Angle of Granular Materials
by Congyong Ran, Zhengjun Zhou, Xiang Lu, Binfeng Gong, Yuanyuan Jiang and Zhenyu Wu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6354; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146354 - 21 Jul 2024
Viewed by 861
Abstract
Slope stability is a major safety concern of rockfill embankments. Since rockfills are incohesive materials, only friction angle is considered as a shear strength parameter in the slope stability analysis of rockfill embankments. Recently, it was found that confining pressure can significantly affect [...] Read more.
Slope stability is a major safety concern of rockfill embankments. Since rockfills are incohesive materials, only friction angle is considered as a shear strength parameter in the slope stability analysis of rockfill embankments. Recently, it was found that confining pressure can significantly affect the mean value and variance of the friction angle of rockfills. Since the confining pressure spatially varies within a rockfill embankment, the effect of stress-dependent spatial variability in the friction angle of rockfills should be investigated for slope stability evaluation of rockfill embankments. In the framework of the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM), an approach is proposed for the slope stability analysis of rockfill embankments considering the stress-dependent spatial variability in the friction angle. The safety factors of slope stability are computed with variable values of the friction angle at the bases of slices which are determined by the stress-dependent mean value and variance of the friction angle of rockfills. The slope stability of a homogeneous rockfill embankment is analyzed to illustrate the proposed approach, and a parametric analysis is carried out to explore the effect of variation in the parameters of the variance function of friction angle on slope stability. The illustrative example demonstrates that the stress-dependent spatial variability of friction angle along the slip surface is obvious and is affected by the location of the slip surface and the loading condition. The effects of the stress-dependent spatial variability of the friction angle on the slope stability of high rockfill embankments should be considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures—2nd Edition)
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