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Recent Research in Drugs for Treating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 April 2022) | Viewed by 4069

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
Interests: molecular and cellular innate immunity; iPS cell differentiation to neutrophils; Neutrophils Extracellular Traps (NETs); kinase mediated cell signaling; large scale transcriptomics; respiratory infection; chronic lung infection and inflammation; COPD; asthma; Cystic Fibrosis; in vivo lung infection and inflammation model; lung transplant, post lung transplant diseases; NETs-mediated metastasis; long chain fatty acid (furanoic acid) role in innate immunity; wound healing; chemotherapy drug screening and validation; endometriosis; reproductive biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
1. School of Pharmacy, Al - Karim University, Katihar 854 106, Bihar, India
2. Nano Drug Delivery®, Raleigh-Durham, Durham, NC 27705, USA
Interests: pharmaceutical nanotechnology; respiratory nanomedicine; drug delivery therapeutics; pharmaceutical artificial intelligence; pharmaceutical analysis; in vivo drug estimation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A healthy immune system defends the body against disease and other conditions. However, if the immune system malfunctions, it can attack healthy cells, tissues, and organs. Inflammatory and autoimmune-related pathogenesis impacts different parts of the body, weakening functionality.

This includes a wide spectrum of immune cells and their functional mechanism to operate the physiology. Any disruption or dysregulation leads to consequences of informallation or autoimmune disease. More specifically, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) os helpful in combating the infection and inflammation, but dysregulation may lead to many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer metastasis, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and diverse pathological conditions. Drug screening and discovery are an unmet need to clinically manage pathological situations along with understanding the role of immune cells, their cross talk, and relevant mechanism causing inflammatory and autoimmune disease.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of recent research leading to the discovery of novel drugs and development, further extending and accepting the ideas and implications of large data analytics, and artificial intelligence to screen big drug libraries for repurposing and innovating new drug treatment options.

Dr. Meraj Alam Khan
Dr. Md. Faiyazuddin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drug screening
  • drug development
  • autoimmune disease
  • inflammatory diseases
  • immune cells
  • macrophage
  • neutrophils
  • neutrophil extracellular traps
  • nanoparticles
  • artificial intelligence
  • metadata analysis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3721 KiB  
Article
Kaempferol Regresses Carcinogenesis through a Molecular Cross Talk Involved in Proliferation, Apoptosis and Inflammation on Human Cervical Cancer Cells, HeLa
by Nazia Afroze, Sreepoorna Pramodh, Abdulmajeed G. Almutary, Tahir A. Rizvi, Naushad Rais, Ritu Raina, Md. Faiyazuddin, Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan and Arif Hussain
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3155; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063155 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3547
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid, contains a plethora of therapeutic properties and has demonstrated its efficacy against cancer. This study aims to unravel the molecular targets that are being modulated by kaempferol on HeLa cells. Various assays were performed, namely: MTT assay, flow cytometry to [...] Read more.
Kaempferol, a flavonoid, contains a plethora of therapeutic properties and has demonstrated its efficacy against cancer. This study aims to unravel the molecular targets that are being modulated by kaempferol on HeLa cells. Various assays were performed, namely: MTT assay, flow cytometry to analyze DNA content and quantitate apoptosis. Quantitative PCR and protein profiling were performed to evaluate the modulated manifestation of different genes involved in apoptosis, cell growth and inflammation. Kaempferol exhibited reduction in cell viability of HeLa cells (IC50 = 50 µM 48 h), whereas it did not show any significant effect on viability of the AC-16 cell line. Kaempferol-impacted apoptosis was definitive, as it induced DNA fragmentation, caused disruption of membrane potential, accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase and augmented early apoptosis. Consistently, kaempferol induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by modulating the expression of various genes at both transcript and protein levels. It upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including APAF1, BAX, BAD, Caspases 3, and 9, etc., at the transcript level and Bad, Bax, p27, p53, p21, Caspases 3 and 8 etc. at the protein level, while it downregulated the expression of pro-survival gene BCL-2, BIRC8, MCL-1, XIAP, and NAIP at the transcript level and Bcl-2, XIAP, Livin, clap-2 at the protein level. Kaempferol attenuated oxidative stress by upregulating GSH activity and anti-inflammatory response by suppressing NF-kB pathways. Moreover, kaempferol averted rampant cell division and induced apoptosis by modulating AKT/MTOR and MAP kinase pathways. Hence, kaempferol can be considered as a natural therapeutic agent with a differential profile. Full article
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