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Monitoring and Evaluation Methodologies on Repair, (Self-)Healing, and Restoration of Materials and Structures

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2020) | Viewed by 25382

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eleni Tsangouri

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
Interests: self-healing materials; fibre/textile reinforced cementitious composites; concrete; thermosetting polymers; NDT methods; structural health monitoring; structures repair/restoration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We live in a new era of smart and sustainable construction materials. There is no more tolerance in our societies for energy-ineffective short-lived infrastructure; therefore, breakthrough designs using revised concrete formulas, innovative cementitious/plastic composites, and recycled metals/polymers emerge. Furthermore, a massive number of existent structures have reached an age where repair, conservation, and maintenance seek attention and substantial investments. In this perspective, more and more pioneering technologies appear daily, and the research community is called to effectively assess their performance throughout their service life. Sensing tools are required to track the onset and progress of damage (indicatively in the form of flaws, cracking, and detachment). We are in need of monitoring methods and experimental configurations that can accurately track, localize, and quantify damage. In recent studies, acoustic and optical techniques have been applied to measure the crack formation and sealing and evaluate repair and healing efficiency. This Special Issue seeks the latest studies that provide pioneering methodology on damage and repair assessment of building materials using advanced experimental techniques. In particular, research papers and case studies discussing new, elaborate sensing tools applied on existent or restored structures are welcome.

Dr. Eleni Tsangouri
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • repair
  • (self-)healing
  • restoration
  • structures
  • building materials
  • monitoring techniques
  • NDT methods
  • sensing tools
  • damage progress
  • cracks closure
  • cement composites
  • polymer composites
  • concrete
  • scanning
  • acoustics
  • optical techniques
  • inspection
  • structural health monitoring

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4827 KiB  
Article
Study on Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Mixture Modified by Diatomite and Crumb Rubber Particles
by Chunyu Liang, Hao Zhang, Zhengwei Gu, Xin Xu and Jinxin Hao
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8748; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238748 - 7 Dec 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2664
Abstract
To optimize the properties of asphalt mixtures and make full use of waste rubber tires, diatomite and crumb rubber particles were applied to reinforce the asphalt mixtures in this study. The rutting tests, the three-point bending tests, the freeze-thaw splitting tests, and the [...] Read more.
To optimize the properties of asphalt mixtures and make full use of waste rubber tires, diatomite and crumb rubber particles were applied to reinforce the asphalt mixtures in this study. The rutting tests, the three-point bending tests, the freeze-thaw splitting tests, and the uniaxial compression creep tests were performed to analyze the effects of asphalt types and aggregate gradation on the pavement properties of diatomite and crumb rubber particles reinforced asphalt mixtures (DRPAM). Subsequently, the creep and relaxation characteristics of DRPAM were analyzed by the Burgers model, the modified Burgers model, the second-order extensive Maxwell model, and the Scott–Blair model. The results show that rubber particles and diatomite can reinforce the high temperature, low temperature, and viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixtures, although the improvement effect is weaker than styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). Consequently, it is concluded that rubber particle and diatomite compound modified asphalt mixture with suspension dense gradation and SBS binder will have better performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation Methodologies on Repair, (Self-)Healing, and Restoration of Materials and Structures)
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36 pages, 32730 KiB  
Article
Seismic Performance Assessment of an Existing RC Wall Building with Irregular Geometry: A Case-Study of a Hospital in Croatia
by Mario Uros, Snjezan Prevolnik, Marta Savor Novak and Josip Atalic
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(16), 5578; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165578 - 12 Aug 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3681
Abstract
Buildings of strategic importance should be able to resist seismic forces in accordance with potential earthquakes that may occur at the location and remain fully operational afterwards. However, many of them were constructed before the modern principles of seismic design were known (especially [...] Read more.
Buildings of strategic importance should be able to resist seismic forces in accordance with potential earthquakes that may occur at the location and remain fully operational afterwards. However, many of them were constructed before the modern principles of seismic design were known (especially regarding detailing and ductility), and therefore may be considered substandard. The first step in mitigating the seismic risk of such structures is to assess their seismic performance and, in particular, to identify their structural deficiencies. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for the seismic performance assessment of individual buildings, applied to an existing reinforced concrete (RC) hospital. This building is of an irregular layout, constructed as a structural wall system, and it is located in the seismically active region of Croatia. It includes the assessment of seismic hazards on the location, ambient noise measurements, experimental determination of structural modal parameters, creation of a detailed numerical model calibrated with experimental data, and a seismic performance assessment using various analysis methods. As a result, the building collapse mechanisms were determined and critical structural elements identified, which is the basis for future actions directed to the reduction of its risk (e.g., applications of specific measures for a target retrofit, proposal of evacuation routes and safe places inside the building, etc.). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation Methodologies on Repair, (Self-)Healing, and Restoration of Materials and Structures)
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17 pages, 3324 KiB  
Article
Fracture Damage Properties of SBS-Modified Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with Basalt Fiber after Freeze-Thaw Cycles Using the Acoustic Emission Approach
by Chunyu Liang, Junchen Ma, Peilei Zhou, Guirong Ma and Xin Xu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(9), 3301; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093301 - 9 May 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2328
Abstract
This paper focuses on the fracture damage characteristics of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified SMA-13 specimens with basalt fiber under various freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. SBS-modified stone mastic asphalt (SMA)-13 specimens with basalt fiber were prepared, first, using the superpave gyratory compaction method. Then, asphalt mixture specimens [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the fracture damage characteristics of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified SMA-13 specimens with basalt fiber under various freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. SBS-modified stone mastic asphalt (SMA)-13 specimens with basalt fiber were prepared, first, using the superpave gyratory compaction method. Then, asphalt mixture specimens processed with 0–21 F-T cycles were adopted for the high-temperature compression and low-temperature splitting tests. Meanwhile, the acoustic emission (AE) test was conducted to evaluate the fracture characteristics of the asphalt mixture during loading. The results showed that the AE parameters could effectively reflect the damage fracture characteristics of the asphalt mixture specimen during the high-temperature compression and low-temperature splitting processes. The fracture damage of the asphalt mixture specimens during compression or splitting are classified into three stages based on the variation of the AE signals, i.e., when the load level is below 0.1~0.2 during the first stage and the load level is 0.1–0.9 or 0.2–0.8 during the second stage. The AE signal amplitude and count show clear correlations with the compression and splitting load levels. Meanwhile, the AE signal clarifies the formation, development, and failure of internal damage for the asphalt mixture specimens during the compression and splitting processes. The intensity (value and density) of the AE signal parameters of asphalt mixture decreases with increasing F-T cycles. It is evident that the F-T cycle has a significant adverse effect on the mechanical strength of asphalt mixture, which makes asphalt mixtures more likely to cause early failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation Methodologies on Repair, (Self-)Healing, and Restoration of Materials and Structures)
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Review

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18 pages, 2456 KiB  
Review
Bio-Influenced Self-Healing Mechanism in Concrete and Its Testing: A Review
by Albert A. Griño, Jr., Ma. Klarissa M. Daly and Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(15), 5161; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155161 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 15928
Abstract
The micro-cracks in concrete structures are inevitable due to deterioration throughout their service life through various load combination factors. For that reason, there is a need to repair and maintain the concrete in order to prevent the cracks from propagating, which can decrease [...] Read more.
The micro-cracks in concrete structures are inevitable due to deterioration throughout their service life through various load combination factors. For that reason, there is a need to repair and maintain the concrete in order to prevent the cracks from propagating, which can decrease the service life of the structure. Using bacteria is one of the possible solutions to repair and heal the cracks. Recent research has shown that, in order to achieve the extended service life of a concrete material, a bio-influenced material, such as bacteria, can be used in order to induce the autonomous self-healing of cracks in concrete. Many researchers are still exploring the potential of bacteria for improving the durability and strength of concrete. However, an inclusive literature review revealed that a self-healing mechanism using bacteria can still be improved. There is an imperative need to conduct a comprehensive review about the recent development of and studies into the self-healing mechanism of concrete, in particular with the behavior of bacteria and its effect on the macro, micro and nanostructure of the concrete matrix. This review article can reveal the potential research gap, predict the emerging research topics and define all existing problems or challenges about the bio-influenced self-healing mechanism in concrete. The latest articles are summarized and analyzed using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) in Matlab software in order to come up with a possible area of development and future research into bio-concrete. Microencapsulated technology and acoustic emission could be the emerging methods for evaluating the performance of the bacteria and detecting real time cracks inside the concrete matrix in the future. However, there are still existing problems and challenges regarding the adoption of bacteria in the field of construction industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation Methodologies on Repair, (Self-)Healing, and Restoration of Materials and Structures)
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