Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment: 2nd Edition

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as decreased kidney function shown by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m², or presence of one or more markers of kidney damage (including albuminuria, proteinuria, hematuria, urine sediment abnormalities, electrolyte abnormalities due to tubular disorders, abnormalities on histology, structural abnormalities detected by imaging, or history of kidney transplantation), and at least 3 months of duration. CKD could arise from many different disease pathways that deteriorate renal function irreversibly over months or years, while diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the main causes of CKD worldwide.

Treatment strategies of CKD patients usually contain managements of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, avoiding nephrotoxins, adjustment in drug dosing, reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, diet adjustment, and treating complications. When GFR is less than 15 mL/min per 1.73m², the patient has reached end stage renal disease (ESRD). The kidneys are no longer able to cope with waste and fluid clearance on their own. Options for patients with ESRD are kidney replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation), or conservative care, as known as palliation or non-dialytic care.

The second edition of this Special Issue, "Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment", is dedicated to original papers, brief reports, or reviews that provide further understanding or novel opinions on diagnosis and treatment for CKD. For scholars, traditional cell culture models may be not adequate for studying the functional intricacies of the kidney. Recent experiments have offered improvements for understanding these systems, including organoid modeling, 3D bioprinting, decellularization, microfluidics, and other potential applications of kidney bioengineering. We look forward to your valued research to make this Special Issue a reference resource.

Dr. Po-Jen Hsiao
Prof. Dr. Chi-Ming Chu
Prof. Dr. Chi-Wen Chang
Prof. Dr. Hao-Yun Kao
Guest Editors

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• kidney bioengineering
• chronic kidney disease (CKD)
• glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
• end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
• kidney injury
• nephrotoxins
• kidney replacement therapy
• kidney transplantation