Integrating Novel Therapeutics and Personalized Medicine into Osteoarthritis Treatment: Advancements in Cartilage Regeneration and Joint Preservation

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 1786

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
Interests: osteoarthritis; synovium; cartilage; tissue regeneration; therapeutics; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as a formidable challenge in the medical community, affecting millions worldwide and serving as a leading cause of disability. Despite its prevalence, the quest for definitive, regenerative treatments continues, pushing the boundaries of current medical science and crossing into the realms of novel therapeutics and personalized medical strategies. This Special Issue is dedicated to exploring the frontiers of these advancements, emphasizing the utilization of groundbreaking therapies and individualized treatment paradigms to foster significant improvements in patient care and outcomes.

We invite contributions that span a wide array of topics, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of the field:

  • Cutting-Edge Regenerative Technologies: Explorations of innovative treatments, including stem cell therapy, biomaterials, and tissue engineering, that aim to revolutionize the current standards of care in cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis management.
  • Molecular Innovations and Gene Therapy: Insights into the latest molecular strategies, gene editing tools, and biotherapeutics that target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of OA, opening up new horizons in disease modification.
  • Personalized and Precision Medicine Approaches: Discussions on how tailoring treatment strategies to individual patient profiles can enhance therapeutic efficacy, including the use of biomarkers, genomics, and personalized rehabilitation protocols.
  • Advances in Computational and AI Models: Contributions detailing how artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computational simulations are being utilized to predict disease progression and treatment responses and to innovate in cartilage repair techniques.
  • Clinical and Translational Research: Reports on the latest clinical trials, outcome studies, and translational research efforts that bring bench-side discoveries to the bedside, offering new hope for patients suffering from osteoarthritis.
  • Next-Generation Diagnostics and Imaging: Articles highlighting advancements in diagnostic methodologies and imaging techniques that provide enhanced cartilage visualization and the early detection of osteoarthritis, facilitating timely and targeted interventions.

Our goal is to create a comprehensive compendium that not only showcases the latest research but also stimulates collaborative efforts, fosters innovative thinking, and inspires continued progress in the field of osteoarthritis and cartilage regeneration. We look forward to your valuable contributions, which will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in shaping the future of joint health and patient care.

Dr. Antonia Sun
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • osteoarthritis
  • cartilage regeneration
  • personalized medicine
  • tissue engineering
  • stem cell therapy
  • gene therapy
  • biomaterials
  • molecular therapeutics
  • regenerative medicine
  • biomechanics
  • translational research
  • advanced imaging techniques
  • patient-specific therapies
  • inflammation modulation
  • bioinformatics
  • computational modeling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3033 KiB  
Article
Proteoglycans Enhance the Therapeutic Effect of BMSC Transplantation on Osteoarthritis
by Chunxiao Ran, Tianhao Liu, Yongming Bao, Weidan Wang, Dongling Xue, Guangxiao Yin, Xiuzhi Zhang and Dewei Zhao
Bioengineering 2024, 11(11), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11111167 - 20 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Background: The injection of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment fails to address the disrupted extracellular microenvironment, limiting the differentiation and paracrine functions of BMSCs and resulting in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Proteoglycans (PGs) promote cell differentiation, tissue repair, and microenvironment [...] Read more.
Background: The injection of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment fails to address the disrupted extracellular microenvironment, limiting the differentiation and paracrine functions of BMSCs and resulting in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Proteoglycans (PGs) promote cell differentiation, tissue repair, and microenvironment remodeling. This study investigated the potential of combining PGs with BMSCs to increase the efficacy of OA treatment. Methods: We evaluated the effects of PG on BMSC and chondrocyte functions by adding various PG concentrations to the culture media. Additionally, a Transwell system was used to assess the impact of PG on the communication between BMSCs and chondrocytes. The results of the in vitro experiment were verified by tissue staining and immunohistochemistry following the treatment of OA model rats. Results: Our findings indicate that PG effectively induces Col II expression in BMSCs and enhances the paracrine secretion of TGF-β1, thereby activating the TGF-β signaling pathway in chondrocytes and increasing PRG4 gene expression. Compared with the other groups, the BMSC/PG treatment group presented a smoother articular surface and more robust extracellular matrix than the other groups in vivo, with significantly increased expression and distribution of Smad2/3 and PRG4. Conclusions: PG enhances BMSC differentiation into chondrocytes and stimulates paracrine TGF-β1 secretion. Proteoglycans not only promote chondrocyte differentiation and paracrine TGF-β1 signaling in BMSCs but also increase the sensitivity of chondrocytes to TGF-β1 secreted from BMSCs, leading to PRG4 expression through the TGFR/Smad2/3 pathway. Proteoglycans can enhance the therapeutic effect of BMSC treatment on OA and have the potential to delay the degeneration of OA cartilage. Full article
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Review

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30 pages, 1412 KiB  
Review
Targeting Chondrocyte Hypertrophy as Strategies for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
by Da-Long Dong and Guang-Zhen Jin
Bioengineering 2025, 12(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12010077 - 15 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by pain and functional impairment, which severely impacts the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly individuals. During normal bone development, chondrocyte hypertrophy is a natural physiological process. However, in the progression of OA, chondrocyte [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by pain and functional impairment, which severely impacts the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly individuals. During normal bone development, chondrocyte hypertrophy is a natural physiological process. However, in the progression of OA, chondrocyte hypertrophy becomes one of its key pathological features. Although there is no definitive evidence to date confirming that chondrocyte hypertrophy is the direct cause of OA, substantial experimental data indicate that it plays an important role in the disease’s pathogenesis. In this review, we first explore the mechanisms underlying chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA and offer new insights. We then propose strategies for inhibiting chondrocyte hypertrophy from the perspectives of targeting signaling pathways and tissue engineering, ultimately envisioning the future prospects of OA treatment. Full article
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