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Biomedicines
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New Insights in Chronic Sleep Disorders
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New Insights in Chronic Sleep Disorders

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 8323

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Thierno Madjou Bah

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., L459, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
Interests: vascular cognitive impairment; dementia; inflammation; myocardial infarction; soluble epoxide hydrolase; sleep; diabetes; cerebral blood flow; glymphatic function; brain injuries; glymphatics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue “New Insights in Chronic Sleep Disorders” will feature invited reviews and original articles that advance our understanding of sleep disorders and its consequences for the brain and the body. In recent years, sleep quality and sleep disorders have become a common disease in our 24/7 society. Habitual sleep insufficiency, or chronic sleep restriction, is prevalent due to various factors, such as long work hours, shift work, commuting, family and social responsibilities, and constant accessibility to online information and social media. Chronic sleep restriction impairs cognitive function, reducing work productivity and increasing accidents, while also affecting health. Examples of highly prevalent sleep disorders include, among others, insomnia and sleep-related breathing disorder (Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)). OSA is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway, leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. These episodes are termed "apneas" with complete or near complete cessation of breathing, or "hypopneas" when the reduction in breathing is partial.

There have been recent substantial insights showing that inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia have intrinsic effects on the formation of OSA, but the etiology and the pathophysiology have not yet been fully determined. This Special Issue will focus on the causes of chronic sleep restriction and OSA, their association with inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases and the latest advances in treatment. It is hoped that this Special Issue will help advance the field, indicating where progress has been made and the many unanswered questions for future discoveries.

Dr. Thierno Madjou Bah
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • chronic sleep restriction
  • inflammation
  • dementia
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • treatment

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 307 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Sleep Impairment, as Assessed by the CASIS Questionnaire, in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Disease Severity and Physical and Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care
by Izolde Bouloukaki, Antonios Christodoulakis, Katerina Margetaki and Ioanna Tsiligianni
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1644; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081644 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 725
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of sleep impairment among primary care patients with COPD and explore its impact on disease severity and overall health status. This cross-sectional study included 251 participants > 40 years old from the prospective [...] Read more.
The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of sleep impairment among primary care patients with COPD and explore its impact on disease severity and overall health status. This cross-sectional study included 251 participants > 40 years old from the prospective COCARE COPD study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, disease-specific quality of life [COPD Assessment Test (CAT)], COPD severity [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023 categorization based on CAT score and exacerbations], fatigue [Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)], psychological parameters [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)], and sleep complaints [COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale (CASIS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)] were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to test for associations of sleep impairment with COPD and overall health status, adjusting for confounders. Sleep impairment, indicated by a CASIS score ≥ 30, increased the risk of worse COPD health status (CAT ≥ 10 OR: 9.7, 95% CI: 5–19, p < 0.001), COPD severity (GOLD B OR: 8.9, 95% CI: 4.5–17.6, p < 0.001 and GOLD E OR: 17.4, 95% CI: 5.1–59.4, p < 0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10, OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3–8.1, p = 0.012), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10, OR: 6.4, 95% CI: 2.1–19.1, p = 0.001), anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 10, OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.6–9.2, p = 0.002), and fatigue (FSS ≥ 36, OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 2.8–9.8, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings suggest that sleep impairment, based on the CASIS questionnaire, is associated with worse physical and mental health in patients with COPD. Therefore, through consistent evaluation of sleep and targeted management strategies, healthcare providers could improve the quality of life for these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Chronic Sleep Disorders)
8 pages, 213 KiB  
Article
The Curious Role of PAI-1 in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea
by Tea Friščić, Edvard Galić, Domagoj Vidović, Petrana Brečić and Igor Alfirević
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061197 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 944
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has a significant role in fibrinolysis, atherogenesis, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation. OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) leads to increased PAI-1 levels and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of [...] Read more.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has a significant role in fibrinolysis, atherogenesis, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation. OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) leads to increased PAI-1 levels and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of CPAP therapy on coagulation parameters and PAI-1 in patients with severe OSA. This prospective, controlled study enrolled 57 patients who were newly diagnosed with severe OSA, 37 of whom had had good CPAP adherence after 6 months of therapy (usage of the device for at least 4 h per night), and their data were analyzed. The analysis showed a statistically significant increase in D-dimer values before CPAP therapy (415 (316.5–537.5)) vs. after therapy (499 (327–652)), p = 0.0282, and a decrease in fibrinogen values (3.665 ± 0.752 before CPAP therapy vs. 3.365 ± 0.771 after therapy, p = 0.0075)). PAI-1 concentration values before and after CPAP therapy did not differ significantly (17.35 ± 7.01 ng/mL before CPAP therapy vs. 17.42 ± 6.99 ng/mL after therapy, p = 0.9367). This study shows a tendency for fibrinolytic capacity to improve in patients with OSA after CPAP therapy, although PAI-1 levels did not differ significantly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Chronic Sleep Disorders)
12 pages, 287 KiB  
Article
The Associations between Polysomnographic Parameters and Memory Impairment among Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A 10-Year Hospital-Based Longitudinal Study
by Wei-Chen Chien, Chung-Wei Lin, Ching-Kuan Liu, Shiou-Lan Chen, Mei-Chuan Chou and Chung-Yao Hsu
Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020621 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2554
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with cognitive decline via several mechanisms, including intermittent hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, and neuroinflammation. The neurological consequences of OSA have evolved into a major biopsychosocial concern in the elderly, especially memory impairment. We aimed to identify the [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with cognitive decline via several mechanisms, including intermittent hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, and neuroinflammation. The neurological consequences of OSA have evolved into a major biopsychosocial concern in the elderly, especially memory impairment. We aimed to identify the polysomnographic (PSG) parameters capable of predicting memory impairment among OSA patients at or over age 50 with OSA. We reviewed the 10-year electronic medical records of OSA patients and compared the initial PSG parameters between those presenting and not presenting self-reported memory impairment. We conducted subgroup analyses based on OSA severity and performed multivariate analysis to correlate PSG parameters with memory impairment. The result showed that 25 out of the 156 (16%) investigated patients experienced self-reported memory impairment during follow-up. As compared to OSA patients without self-reported memory impairment, those reported with self-reported memory impairment had a higher oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (23.9 ± 17.8 versus 18.2 ± 12.0, p = 0.048). Regarding the associations between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as well as ODI and self-reported memory impairment among OSA subgroups classified by severity, the associations were only evident in the severe OSA subgroup in both univariate (p < 0.001; p = 0.005) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.014; p = 0.018). We concluded that AHI and ODI are the most relevant PSG parameters in predicting memory impairment in severe OSA patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Chronic Sleep Disorders)

Review

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20 pages, 637 KiB  
Review
The Interactions between Smoking and Sleep
by Ioanna Grigoriou, Serafeim-Chrysovalantis Kotoulas, Konstantinos Porpodis, Dionysios Spyratos, Ioanna Papagiouvanni, Alexandros Tsantos, Anastasia Michailidou, Constantinos Mourelatos, Christina Mouratidou, Ioannis Alevroudis, Alexandra Marneri and Athanasia Pataka
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1765; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081765 - 5 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1725
Abstract
Smoking a cigarette before bed or first thing in the morning is a common habit. In this review, the relationship between smoking and sleep is investigated based on the existing literature. Out of 6504 unique items that were identified via a PubMed search [...] Read more.
Smoking a cigarette before bed or first thing in the morning is a common habit. In this review, the relationship between smoking and sleep is investigated based on the existing literature. Out of 6504 unique items that were identified via a PubMed search related to smoking and sleep, 151 were included in this review. Tobacco smoking disrupts sleep architecture by reducing slow wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and undermining sleep quality. Furthermore, smoking affects sleep-related co-morbidities, such as obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), insomnia, parasomnias, arousals, bruxism, and restless legs, as well as non-sleep-related conditions such as cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, neurologic, psychiatric, inflammatory, gynecologic and pediatric issues, while poor sleep quality also seems to worsen the chances of successful smoking cessation. In conclusion, the existing literature suggests that there is a wicked relation between smoking and sleep. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Chronic Sleep Disorders)
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Other

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18 pages, 2208 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome
by Biagio Di Lorenzo, Chiara Scala, Arduino A. Mangoni, Stefano Zoroddu, Panagiotis Paliogiannis, Pietro Pirina, Alessandro G. Fois, Ciriaco Carru and Angelo Zinellu
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020270 - 24 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1403
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a highly prevalent yet underestimated disorder caused by the complete or partial obstruction of the upper airways. Although polysomnography is the gold standard for OSAS diagnosis, there is an active search for easily accessible biomarkers of disease [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a highly prevalent yet underestimated disorder caused by the complete or partial obstruction of the upper airways. Although polysomnography is the gold standard for OSAS diagnosis, there is an active search for easily accessible biomarkers of disease presence and severity, particularly those reflecting morphological changes in specific blood cells. We investigated the associations between the presence and severity of OSAS, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW), routinely assessed as part of the complete blood count. From 262 retrieved records from PubMed, the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, 31 manuscripts were selected for a final analysis, 30 investigating MPV and 15 investigating PDW. MPV was not statistically different between OSAS patients and healthy controls; however, it progressively increased with disease severity. By contrast, OSAS patients had significantly higher PDW values than controls (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.56; p ˂ 0.001), and the difference increased with disease severity. In a univariate meta-regression, there were significant associations between the MPV and publication year, the apnoea–hypopnea index, and diabetes mellitus, while no associations were observed with the PDW. No significant between-group differences were observed in the subgroup analyses. These data suggest that PDW, and to a lesser extent, MPV, are potential biomarkers of OSAS and require further research to ascertain their pathophysiological significance (PROSPERO, CRD42023459413). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Chronic Sleep Disorders)
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