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Biomedicines
Special Issues
New Perspectives on Chronic Kidney Disease
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New Perspectives on Chronic Kidney Disease

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 2283

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ewelina Młynarska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
Interests: nephrology; chronic kidney disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The kidney is a vital organ in the human body, responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, producing urine as a result. Located on either side of the spine in the retroperitoneum, the kidneys also play a crucial role in regulating electrolyte levels, blood pressure, and the production of red blood cells. Each kidney contains around one million nephrons, the functional units responsible for filtration. Each nephron includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule, with segments such as the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and connecting tubule.

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition that affects more than 10% of the general population worldwide. Early detection plays a critical role in preventing the onset of kidney failure. Physicians assess patients for indicators of renal disease and perform a range of diagnostic tests to evaluate kidney function, including measurements such as serum creatinine level, cystatin C, blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), electrolyte levels, and red blood cell count, as well as urinalysis. On occasion, a biopsy of kidney tissue may be required for accurate diagnosis. To date, these tests have represented the standards for the diagnostics of kidney diseases. However, new technologies offer promising new ways to diagnose and prognose kidney diseases. Biomarkers other than plasma creatinine and the glomerular filtration rate are becoming crucial for the diagnosis and assessment of a patient’s condition. New diagnostic methods play a significant role in diagnosis and provide greater treatment options.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present recent advances in chronic kidney disease.

Both original research articles and reviews from the entire nephrology community are welcome.

Dr. Ewelina Młynarska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic kidney disease
  • SGLT2 inhibitors
  • diabetic kidney disease
  • acute kidney injury
  • hemodialysis
  • electrolytes
  • biopsy
  • nephron

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2597 KiB  
Article
Trajectory Analysis in FBG and the Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
by Heewon Park, Ki Ryang Na, Yunkyeong Hwang, Suyeon Han, Kyungho Park, Hyerim Park, Eu Jin Lee, Young Rok Ham, Soon-Ki Ahn and Dae Eun Choi
Biomedicines 2025, 13(2), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020336 - 1 Feb 2025
Viewed by 366
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to classify fasting blood glucose (FBG) trajectories by sex and examine their associations with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Using data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in Korea, participants aged 40 years and [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to classify fasting blood glucose (FBG) trajectories by sex and examine their associations with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Using data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in Korea, participants aged 40 years and above, without CKD or diabetes mellitus (DM), were followed from 2002 to 2009. Based on their FBG trajectories, participants were categorized into two classes and stratified by sex. CKD incidence rates were analyzed according to these FBG trajectories, and the impact of additional risk factors on CKD incidence was assessed. Results: A total of 91,131 participants were analyzed. Among individuals classified in Class 1, FBG levels gradually increased from 90.7 (men) and 88.7 (women) in 2002 to 96.6 (men) and 93.2 (women) in 2009. In contrast, participants classified as Class 2 exhibited a rapid increase in FBG levels, rising from 106 (men) and 106 (women) in 2002 to 144 (men) and 132 (women) in 2009. The incidence of CKD increased over time in both men and women classified as Class 2 compared to Class 1, with respective hazard ratios (HR) of 1.35 for men and 1.53 for women. Additionally, increased age, hypertension, and body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with an elevated risk of CKD. Conclusions: The Class 2 group demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of CKD compared to the Class 1 group. This finding indicates the need for the proactive management of individuals with relatively high FBG levels featuring rapid FBG increases in order to mitigate the risk of CKD development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives on Chronic Kidney Disease)
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12 pages, 2744 KiB  
Article
T-Cell Subpopulations and Differentiation Bias in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
by Ana Cecilia Granda Alacote, Gabriela Goyoneche Linares, María Gracia Castañeda Torrico, Daysi Zulema Diaz-Obregón, Michael Bryant Castro Núñez, Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco, Cesar Liendo Liendo, Katherine Susan Rufasto Goche, Víctor Arrunátegui Correa and Joel de León Delgado
Biomedicines 2025, 13(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13010003 - 24 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 593
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often experience dysregulated inflammation, particularly when compounded by comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether T2D influences the profile of memory T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs), [...] Read more.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often experience dysregulated inflammation, particularly when compounded by comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether T2D influences the profile of memory T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the gene expression of transcription factors such as T-bet (Tbx21), GATA3, RORyT (RORC), and FOXP3 in CKD patients. Methods: Twenty-two CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis were selected for the study. Flow cytometry was used to identify naïve T cells, Tregs (CD4+CD25+CD127-), central memory T lymphocytes (CCR7+CD45RA-), effector memory T lymphocytes (CCR7-CD45RA-), and TEMRA cells (CCR7-CD45RA+). The expression of helper T cell differentiation regulatory genes was assessed using real-time RT-PCR. Results: Both helper and cytotoxic effector memory T cell populations were found to be higher than naïve lymphocytes in CKD patients, regardless of T2D status. However, Tregs were significantly more frequent in diabetic CKD patients (5.1 ± 2.6%) compared to non-diabetic patients (2.8 ± 3.1%). In terms of transcription factor expression, a significant correlation was observed between T-bet and FOXP3 in diabetic patients, and between RORyT and FOXP3 in non-diabetic patients. Conclusions: While T2D does not notably alter the distribution of memory T cells in CKD patients, it significantly impacts the frequency of Tregs and their correlation with pro-inflammatory transcription factors like T-bet (Tbx21) and RORyT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives on Chronic Kidney Disease)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 749 KiB  
Article
Inflammation and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism: Impact on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Mexican Women on Dialysis
by Marcela Avila, Carmen Mora, Ma del Carmen Prado-Uribe, Alfonso Cueto-Manzano, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Bengt Lindholm, Alma Sofía Bernal Amador and Ramón Paniagua
Biomedicines 2024, 12(9), 1990; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12091990 - 2 Sep 2024
Viewed by 929
Abstract
Mineral bone disease (MBD) is common in dialysis patients. Genetics and the hormonal environment influence the clinical picture and outcomes of women. This study aimed to determine how these factors affect mortality. In 234 female dialysis patients on Continuous Ambulatory (48%) or Automated [...] Read more.
Mineral bone disease (MBD) is common in dialysis patients. Genetics and the hormonal environment influence the clinical picture and outcomes of women. This study aimed to determine how these factors affect mortality. In 234 female dialysis patients on Continuous Ambulatory (48%) or Automated (29%) Peritoneal Dialysis or Hemodialysis (23%), MBD biochemical variables, as well as bone density and genetic Bsm1 polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) were performed at baseline. The cohort was followed-up by 17 (IQ range 15–31) months. According to VDR polymorphism, the distribution of patients was bb: 64% and BB+Bb: 36%. Fifty-five patients died from all-cause mortality; the hs-C-reactive protein level was the most significant risk in multivariate Cox analysis. Nineteen died from cardiovascular mortality. None of the variables were significant for cardiovascular mortality. Patients with bb plus inflammation had the highest risk in the analysis; the significance persisted after adjustment for age, diabetes, and parathyroid hormone levels HR 2.33 (95% CI, 1.01–8.33) and after further adjustment for time on dialysis, albumin, and Osteoprotegerin levels HR 3.49 (95% CI, 1.20–10.9). The presence of the bb genotype from VDR and inflammation had the highest risk of death from all-cause mortality in females on CAPD, APD, and HD patient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives on Chronic Kidney Disease)
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