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Biomedicines
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Cancer: Immunology and Immunotherapy
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Cancer: Immunology and Immunotherapy

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 13758

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Manoj K. Mishra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
Interests: regulatory T cells; immunotherapy; prostate cancer; health disparity; immune modulation
Prof. Dr. Rajesh Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
2. Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
Interests: targeted therapy; nano-therapy; nano-delivery; chemokine; combination therapy; prostate cancer; pancreatic cancer; liver cancer; ovarian cancer; breast cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Numerous new immunotherapeutic approaches that have recently been developed can help patients with advanced cancers. Studies have demonstrated that the immune system can help eliminate cancer cells but only if immune cells are trained to check the proteins or factors that need to be checked. This special issue focuses on the prospects for cancer immunotherapy, which is revolutionizing cancer treatment. Therefore, this issue will provide advanced knowledge about developing immunotherapeutic measures for cancer progression and clearance.

Dr. Manoj K. Mishra
Dr. Rajesh Singh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunotherapy
  • nano-immunology
  • cancer immunology
  • tumor-immune microenvironment
  • immuncheckpoint inhibitors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

20 pages, 692 KiB  
Review
How Risk Factors Affect Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME): Their Influence on Immune Escape Mechanisms and Immunotherapy Strategy
by Danilo Galizia, Silvia Minei, Elena Maldi, Giovanna Chilà, Alessio Polidori and Marco Carlo Merlano
Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2498; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102498 - 7 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2444
Abstract
Most head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are caused by lifestyle, such as cigarette smoking, or by viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). HNSCC remains a clinical challenge, notwithstanding the improvements observed in the past years, involving surgery, [...] Read more.
Most head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are caused by lifestyle, such as cigarette smoking, or by viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). HNSCC remains a clinical challenge, notwithstanding the improvements observed in the past years, involving surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recurrent/metastatic (R/M) disease represents an unmet clinical need. Immunotherapy has improved the prognosis of a small proportion of these patients, but most still do not benefit. In the last decade, several preclinical and clinical studies have explored the HNSCC tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), identifying important differences between smoking-associated and virus-associated HNSCCs. This review aims to present how different etiologies affect the HNSCC TIME, affecting immune escape mechanisms and sensitivity to immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer: Immunology and Immunotherapy)
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13 pages, 1641 KiB  
Review
Cancer as a Dysfunctional Immune Disorder: Pro-Tumor TH1-like Immune Response and Anti-Tumor THαβ Immune Response Based on the Complete Updated Framework of Host Immunological Pathways
by Yi-Hsin Lee, Kuo-Wang Tsai, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Li-Jane Shih and Wan-Chung Hu
Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2497; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102497 - 6 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2754
Abstract
Host immunological pathways are delicate to cope with different types of pathogens. In this article, we divide immunological pathways into two groups: Immunoglobulin G-related eradicable immunities and Immunoglobulin A-related tolerable immunities. Once immune cells encounter an antigen, they can become anergic or trigger [...] Read more.
Host immunological pathways are delicate to cope with different types of pathogens. In this article, we divide immunological pathways into two groups: Immunoglobulin G-related eradicable immunities and Immunoglobulin A-related tolerable immunities. Once immune cells encounter an antigen, they can become anergic or trigger immune reactions. Immunoglobulin D B cells and γδ T cells are recognizing self-antigens to become anergic. Immunoglobulin M B cells and αβ T cells can trigger host immune reactions. Eradicable immune responses can be divided into four groups: TH1/TH2/TH22/THαβ (TH—T Helper cell groups). Tolerable immune responses can be divided into four groups: TH1-like/TH9/TH17/TH3. Four groups mean hosts can cope with four types of pathogens. Cancer is related to immune dysfunction. TH1-like immunity is pro-tumor immunity and THαβ is anti-tumor immunity. TH1-like immunity is the host tolerable immunity against intracellular micro-organisms. THαβ immunity is the host eradicable immunity against viruses. Cancer is also related to clonal anergy by Immunoglobulin D B cells and γδ T cells. Oncolytic viruses are related to the activation of anti-viral THαβ immunity. M2 macrophages are related to the tolerable TH1-like immunity, and they are related to metastasis. This review is key to understanding the immune pathogenesis of cancer. We can then develop better therapeutic agents to treat cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer: Immunology and Immunotherapy)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 550 KiB  
Review
Targeting TIGIT for Immunotherapy of Cancer: Update on Clinical Development
by Anand Rotte, Srikumar Sahasranaman and Nageshwar Budha
Biomedicines 2021, 9(9), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091277 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 7406
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers have dramatically improved the chances of survival in patients with metastatic cancer, but only a subset of the patients respond to treatment. Search for novel targets that can improve the responder rates and overcome the limitations of adverse events commonly [...] Read more.
Immune checkpoint blockers have dramatically improved the chances of survival in patients with metastatic cancer, but only a subset of the patients respond to treatment. Search for novel targets that can improve the responder rates and overcome the limitations of adverse events commonly seen with combination therapies, like PD-1 plus CTLA-4 blockade and PD-1/PD-L1 plus chemotherapy, led to the development of monoclonal antibodies blocking T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), a inhibitory checkpoint receptor expressed on activated T cells and NK cells. The strategy showed potential in pre-clinical and early clinical studies, and 5 molecules are now in advanced stages of evaluation (phase II and above). This review aims to provide an overview of clinical development of anti-TIGIT antibodies and describes the factors considered and thought process during early clinical development. Critical aspects that can decide the fate of clinical programs, such as origin of the antibody, Ig isotype, FCγR binding, and the dose as well as dosing schedule, are discussed along with the summary of available efficacy and safety data from clinical studies and the challenges in the development of anti-TIGIT antibodies, such as identifying patients who can benefit from therapy and getting payer coverage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer: Immunology and Immunotherapy)
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