Regulatory Role of ECM Biophysical Signals on Cell and Nuclear Mechanics

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 3949

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali (CRIB), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: Cell and ECM mechanics; mechanobiology; biomaterials; tissue engineering

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
Interests: Mechanosensing; Mechanotransduction; Focal Adhesions; Matrix Mechanics; Lab-on-chip devices; Biomaterials; Tissue Engineering; Nanomedicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In vivo, cells are continuously exposed to multiple microenvironmental stimuli, such as chemical, topographic, and mechanical gradients encased within the extracellular matrix, which control their time and space presentation to tightly regulate cell and tissue functions. Recently, it has been appreciated that extracellular-borne forces are transmitted to the nucleus via the cytoskeletal filaments and biochemical signaling to alter the chromatin organization, inter-chromosome contacts, and gene expression programs. This foundation of mechanobiology aims to link the regulatory role of biophysical signals on cell functions (i.e., migration, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation) with the tensional status of the cytoskeleton along with the mechanical interplay between cytoskeletal forces and nuclear envelope deformation.

Focusing on these key aspects, we believe that this Special Issue offers the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate mechanically induced alterations in chromatin organization and their effects on cell state and fate by assessing cell cytoskeleton mechanics in a proper extracellular context. In this Special Issue, we provide researchers working in different but congruent areas of research—such as bioengineering, biomedical engineering, biophysics, material science, and tissue engineering—the opportunity to address these fundamental mechanisms by disclosing the existing relationships between the biophysical properties of cell microenvironments and cell mechanical properties.

Dr. Valeria Panzetta
Dr. Sabato Fusco
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 4498 KiB  
Article
Nanomechanical and Morphological AFM Mapping of Normal Tissues and Tumors on Live Brain Slices Using Specially Designed Embedding Matrix and Laser-Shaped Cantilevers
by Vladislav M. Farniev, Mikhail E. Shmelev, Nikita A. Shved, Valeriia S. Gulaia, Arthur R. Biktimirov, Alexey Y. Zhizhchenko, Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak and Vadim V. Kumeiko
Biomedicines 2022, 10(7), 1742; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071742 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2986
Abstract
Cell and tissue nanomechanics has been intriguingly introduced into biomedical research, not only complementing traditional immunophenotyping and molecular analysis, but also bringing unexpected new insights for clinical diagnostics and bioengineering. However, despite the progress in the study of individual cells in culture by [...] Read more.
Cell and tissue nanomechanics has been intriguingly introduced into biomedical research, not only complementing traditional immunophenotyping and molecular analysis, but also bringing unexpected new insights for clinical diagnostics and bioengineering. However, despite the progress in the study of individual cells in culture by atomic force microscopy (AFM), its application for mapping live tissues has a number of technical limitations. Here, we elaborate a new technique to study live slices of normal brain tissue and tumors by combining morphological and nanomechanical AFM mapping in high throughput scanning mode, in contrast to the typically utilized force spectroscopy mode based on single-point probe application. This became possible due to the combined use of an appropriate embedding matrix for vibratomy and originally modified AFM probes. The embedding matrix composition was carefully developed by regulating the amounts of agar and collagen I to reach optimal viscoelastic properties for obtaining high-quality live slices that meet AFM requirements. AFM tips were rounded by irradiating them with focused nanosecond laser pulses, while the resulting tip morphology was verified by scanning electron microscopy. Live slices preparation and AFM investigation take only 55 min and could be combined with a vital cell tracer analysis or immunostaining, thus making it promising for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Full article
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