Investigations into Protein Structure

Dear Colleagues,

Proteins, the fundamental components of life, are not just essential to the complex interplay of cellular, physiological, and immunological processes. They are, in fact, the ultimate expression of genetic information, meticulously decoded from DNA. Within the dynamic environment of the cell, proteins perform a wide range of functions, acting as both structural frameworks and catalysts that power biological reactions. A sophisticated code embedded in the four-letter DNA alphabet is central to their versatility. This genetic code, through sequences of amino acids, determines the folding and configuration of proteins into an astounding variety of structures, each uniquely suited to a specific role. From the resilient collagen fibers that provide tissue support to the dynamic molecular motors enabling cellular motion, proteins exemplify the diversity encoded in the genome.

Additionally, proteins orchestrate biochemical reactions and can serve as antigens, sparking targeted immune responses and therapeutic innovations. Their amino acid sequences and specific regions act as catalysts, mediate protein-protein interactions, and drive numerous biological processes that would otherwise proceed sluggishly. Whether functioning as enzymes facilitating nutrient breakdown for energy or as signaling molecules regulating cellular communication, proteins are not just important; they are central to all biological activity. Despite their complexity, proteins arise from a relatively simple genetic blueprint, which can produce an almost limitless array of structures, each optimized for its function. This simplicity amidst complexity highlights the elegance of life’s molecular machinery, driven by proteins’ hierarchical structures. Proteins, from providing structural support to ensuring catalytic efficiency, embody biological systems' adaptability and precision, highlighting life's extraordinary intricacies. This Special Issue aims to gather studies that push the boundaries of our understanding of protein structures, including enzymes, structural proteins, membranes, and other components of living organisms. Contributions related to bioinformatics, methodologies for examining the four structural levels of proteins, SAXS, cryoelectron microscopy, and the interactions between these levels and biochemical and immunological properties, and drug development studies are particularly encouraged. With the wealth of knowledge accumulated over the years, a comprehensive collection of expert articles on this special issue would provide significant value to researchers worldwide.

Dr. Salvatore Giovanni De Simone
Guest Editor

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• protein structure
• enzymes
• structural proteins
• membranes