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Brain Sciences
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Biomarkers to Guide Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders
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Biomarkers to Guide Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuropsychiatry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2024) | Viewed by 8953

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sandra Carvalho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Translational Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Education and Psychology, William James Center for Research (WJCR), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: translational and clinical studies; neuromodulation techniques; biological markers; EEG/ERPs
Dr. Jorge Leite

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Portucalense Institute for Psychology, I2P, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
Interests: neuromodulation; closed loops; EEG/ERPs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Psychiatric disorders are very heterogeneous conditions. Inaccuracies in psychiatric pathophysiology limit the advances in the characterization/treatment of psychiatric disorders. Multiple causes and nosology are related to the same psychiatric condition and the same nosology is related to multiple psychiatric conditions.

Improvements in understanding and treating mental illness were made following the advances in the study of putative biological markers, which help to fine-tune the current treatments and develop new treatment approaches. Chemical biomarkers, as well and neuroimaging and psychophysiological biomarkers, have been extensively studied and used to improve the treatment of psychiatric conditions. However, despite advances in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, response rates are still inadequate.  

Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS), such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), have shown to be effective in treating numerous psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, addiction, and chronic pain. The success of the protocol of stimulation used for each specific clinical condition relies on well-studied rationales of brain dysfunction. Without this, it is not possible to develop efficient protocols of NIBS with treatment purposes. Therefore, the development of effective NIBS relies on the efficient study of biomarkers of disfunction and treatment response.

Thus, the aim of the current Special Issue is to present the recent findings  on the study of putative biomarkers to guide non-invasive brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders. This evidence may emerge from preclinical studies (e.g., animal studies or human healthy populations) with direct implications for future clinical trials, as well as from clinical studies.  Furthermore, studies may focus on the specific modelling of several putative biomarkers that are relevant to the understanding of their effects on NIBS. Finally, studies that include corroborating biological substrates at the neurobiological, physiological, cellular, and genetic levels are welcome. Authors are invited to submit original research articles, study protocols and literature reviews, as well as opinion papers.

Dr. Sandra Carvalho
Dr. Jorge Leite
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • non-invasive brain stimulation technics
  • TMS
  • TES
  • tDCS
  • tACS
  • tRNS
  • psychiatric disorders
  • biomarkers
  • EEG/ERPs
  • fMRI

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1443 KiB  
Article
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Decreases P3 Amplitude and Inherent Delta Activity during a Waiting Impulsivity Paradigm: Crossover Study
by Augusto J. Mendes, Santiago Galdo-Álvarez, Alberto Lema, Sandra Carvalho and Jorge Leite
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(2), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14020168 - 7 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
The inability to wait for a target before initiating an action (i.e., waiting impulsivity) is one of the main features of addictive behaviors. Current interventions for addiction, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), have been suggested to improve this inability. Nonetheless, the [...] Read more.
The inability to wait for a target before initiating an action (i.e., waiting impulsivity) is one of the main features of addictive behaviors. Current interventions for addiction, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), have been suggested to improve this inability. Nonetheless, the effects of tDCS on waiting impulsivity and underlying electrophysiological (EEG) markers are still not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of neuromodulation over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) on the behavior and EEG markers of reward anticipation (i.e., cue and target-P3 and underlying delta/theta power) during a premature responding task. For that, forty healthy subjects participated in two experimental sessions, where they received active and sham tDCS over the rIFG combined with EEG recording during the task. To evaluate transfer effects, participants also performed two control tasks to assess delay discounting and motor inhibition. The active tDCS decreased the cue-P3 and target-P3 amplitudes, as well as delta power during target-P3. While no tDCS effects were found for motor inhibition, active tDCS increased the discounting of future rewards when compared to sham. These findings suggest a tDCS-induced modulation of the P3 component and underlying oscillatory activity during waiting impulsivity and the discounting of future rewards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers to Guide Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders)
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15 pages, 1147 KiB  
Article
Predictive Biomarkers of Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder
by Louise A. Stolz, Jordan N. Kohn, Sydney E. Smith, Lindsay L. Benster and Lawrence G. Appelbaum
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(11), 1570; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111570 - 9 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2401
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent, debilitating disorder with a high rate of treatment resistance. One strategy to improve treatment outcomes is to identify patient-specific, pre-intervention factors that can predict treatment success. Neurophysiological measures such as electroencephalography (EEG), which measures the [...] Read more.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent, debilitating disorder with a high rate of treatment resistance. One strategy to improve treatment outcomes is to identify patient-specific, pre-intervention factors that can predict treatment success. Neurophysiological measures such as electroencephalography (EEG), which measures the brain’s electrical activity from sensors on the scalp, offer one promising approach for predicting treatment response for psychiatric illnesses, including MDD. In this study, a secondary data analysis was conducted on the publicly available Two Decades Brainclinics Research Archive for Insights in Neurophysiology (TDBRAIN) database. Logistic regression modeling was used to predict treatment response, defined as at least a 50% improvement on the Beck’s Depression Inventory, in 119 MDD patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The results show that both age and baseline symptom severity were significant predictors of rTMS treatment response, with older individuals and more severe depression scores associated with decreased odds of a positive treatment response. EEG measures contributed predictive power to these models; however, these improvements in outcome predictability only trended towards statistical significance. These findings provide confirmation of previous demographic and clinical predictors, while pointing to EEG metrics that may provide predictive information in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers to Guide Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders)
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Review

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13 pages, 694 KiB  
Review
Regulatory Clearance and Approval of Therapeutic Protocols of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders
by Gonçalo Cotovio, Fabiana Ventura, Daniel Rodrigues da Silva, Patrícia Pereira and Albino J. Oliveira-Maia
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(7), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071029 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4315 | Correction
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) have been widely used in both clinical and research contexts in neuropsychiatry. They are safe and well-tolerated, making NIBS an interesting option for application in different settings. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of these strategies. It uses [...] Read more.
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) have been widely used in both clinical and research contexts in neuropsychiatry. They are safe and well-tolerated, making NIBS an interesting option for application in different settings. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of these strategies. It uses electromagnetic pulses for focal modulate ion of neuronal activity in brain cortical regions. When pulses are applied repeatedly (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation—rTMS), they are thought to induce long-lasting neuroplastic effects, proposed to be a therapeutic mechanism for rTMS, with efficacy and safety initially demonstrated for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Since then, many rTMS treatment protocols emerged for other difficult to treat psychiatric conditions. Moreover, multiple clinical studies, including large multi-center trials and several meta-analyses, have confirmed its clinical efficacy in different neuropsychiatric disorders, resulting in evidence-based guidelines and recommendations. Currently, rTMS is cleared by multiple regulatory agencies for the treatment of TRD, depression with comorbid anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and substance use disorders, such as smoking cessation. Importantly, current research supports the potential future use of rTMS for other psychiatric syndromes, including the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder. More precise knowledge of formal indications for rTMS therapeutic use in psychiatry is critical to enhance clinical decision making in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers to Guide Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders)
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