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Brain Sciences
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Neuromodulation and Neurostimulation in Psychiatric Disorders
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Neuromodulation and Neurostimulation in Psychiatric Disorders

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuropsychiatry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 1248

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Takuma Inagawa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: COVID-19; neuromodulation; aging psychiatry; mental health; dementia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neuromodulation and neurostimulation represent innovative treatment approaches in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. These techniques harness the power of electrical modulation to target specific neural circuits implicated in various mental health conditions. From depression to obsessive-compulsive disorder, the potential applications of neuromodulation and neurostimulation are promising. By directly influencing brain activity, these interventions offer a unique opportunity to address treatment-resistant symptoms and improve functional outcomes. Moreover, non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), presents an appealing alternative for individuals who may have no response to standard pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy. This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements, challenges, and future perspectives on neuromodulation and neurostimulation for psychiatric disorders, shedding light on their therapeutic potential and clinical implications.

Dr. Takuma Inagawa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • brain stimulation
  • rTMS
  • ECT
  • depression
  • OCD

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
Binaural Pulse Modulation (BPM) as an Adjunctive Treatment for Anxiety: A Pilot Study
by Gerry Leisman, Joseph Wallach, Yanin Machado-Ferrer, Mauricio-Chinchilla Acosta, Abraham-Gérard Meyer, Robert Lebovits and Scott Donkin
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020147 - 31 Jan 2025
Viewed by 353
Abstract
Background: Treating psychiatric illnesses or influencing mental states with neurofeedback is challenging, likely due to the limited spatial specificity of EEG and the complications arising from the inadequate signal-to-noise ratio reduction of single-trial EEG. Objective: This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility [...] Read more.
Background: Treating psychiatric illnesses or influencing mental states with neurofeedback is challenging, likely due to the limited spatial specificity of EEG and the complications arising from the inadequate signal-to-noise ratio reduction of single-trial EEG. Objective: This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of employing a binaural pulse mode-modulation (BPM) device to reduce anxiety by self-regulation. We desired to determine whether anxiety could be significantly reduced or regulated using BPM-type systems. Methods: Sixty adult participants were examined with self-reported anxiety tests (COVID Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, Beck Depression Inventory-II), which were completed before treatment, after four weeks, and after 12 weeks post-treatment. This BPM device produced two frequencies which combined to create a binaural pulse through differential auditory tone presentations. The participant calibrated the suitable target tone for optimal treatment efficacy. Each participant adjusted the binaural pulse to enhance the emotional intensity felt when envisioning an experience with comparable emotional significance or while performing a cognitive task while concurrently listening to music. The “treatment” relied on the individual’s regulation of binaural pulses to obtain the desired state. The training concentrated on particular facets of their psychological challenges while listening to an auditory tone, adjusting a knob until the sound amplified the intended emotional state. Another knob was turned to intensify the emotional state associated with distress reduction. Results: On the self-reported measures, the BPM treatment group was significantly better than the sham treatment (control) groups (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that over the four-week intervention period, BPM was similarly effective. On the GAD-7, the significant difference over time was noted before treatment and at the end of treatment for the experimental group, with the average GAD-7 score at the end of treatment being significantly lower (p < 0.01). Conclusions: BPM seems to induce a short-term alteration in self-reported distress levels during therapy. This study’s limitations are examined, and recommendations for future research are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuromodulation and Neurostimulation in Psychiatric Disorders)
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16 pages, 585 KiB  
Protocol
MAGNITUDE: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Phase II Trial Protocol
by Lavinia Rech, Ricardo A. Vivanco, Ana Claudia Guersoni, Gianina M. Crisóstmono Ninapaytan, Paulina Bonilla Rivera, Elisabeth J. Ramos-Orosco, Ariana Vargas-Ruiz, Martha Felipe and Sandra Carvalho
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(2), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020106 - 23 Jan 2025
Viewed by 705
Abstract
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2–3%. It significantly burdens quality of life and is associated with substantial economic and disease burdens. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and high-dose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line treatments for [...] Read more.
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2–3%. It significantly burdens quality of life and is associated with substantial economic and disease burdens. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and high-dose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line treatments for OCD. Approximately two-thirds of patients with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) exhibit inadequate responses to current standard therapies, thus lacking adequate therapy, resulting in a loss of quality of life and huge economic burdens. Repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, safe, and well-tolerated intervention that modulates prefrontal cortical circuits involved in OCD. A previous systematic review explored the therapeutic effects of rTMS applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) area in patients with treatment-resistant OCD. It showed that the application of high-frequency and low-frequency (LF) rTMS to the dlPFC region yielded controversial post-treatment Y-BOCS (Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale) findings due to factors such as small sample sizes, short-term study durations, and variations in rTMS protocols. Objectives: Thus, we propose a theoretical protocol based on previous findings to assess better the effect of LF rTMS for treatment-resistant OCD patients. Methods: We will recruit patients with moderate to severe OCD and limited response to previous treatments from in- and outpatient clinics. We will use fMRI for precious localization of the right dlPFC and application of 1 Hz stimulation of in total 2000 pulses with three times 40 s inter-train intervals 5 days a week, in 6 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome will be the mean reduction in Y-BOCS at the end of this study. Conclusions: This study highlights rTMS’s potential to reform OCD treatment, accentuate safety, accessibility, clinical integration, and future research foundations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuromodulation and Neurostimulation in Psychiatric Disorders)
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