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Cancers
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 9256

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Piotr Radziszewski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: genitourinary cancer; urology oncology; point of care diagnostics; personalized treatment; immunotherapy
Dr. Łukasz Zapała

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: genitourinary cancer; point of care diagnostics; personalized treatment; immunotherapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genitourinary cancers are diseases affecting an increasingly greater number of people, the diagnosis and treatment of which are currently undergoing fast and sometimes dramatic changes due to the current landscape of suboptimal management of these diseases. A characteristic feature of urological cancer treatment is the significant heterogeneity of patients (including different stages of local advancement, different locations of metastases, the heterogeneity of pathological findings, etc.). Therefore, predicting the response to modern treatments remains the unmet need of modern urologic oncology, and new diagnostic methods, including but not limited to point-of-care diagnostics, represent a challenge to current  guidelines and require verification. Additionally, further development awaits us as far as sufficient neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment in the perioperative setting is concerned. However, recent advancements in systematic treatment, i.e., immunotherapy, have shed light on new treatment paradigms to be implemented in various clinical scenarios, including localized disease, and recent progress in minimally invasive surgical techniques has lead to revisions to the treatment of many urological tumors.

This Special Issue aims to cover these novel approaches in genitourinary cancers. We look forward to receiving your original papers and reviews related to advances in the treatment of male genitourinary cancers.

Prof. Dr. Piotr Radziszewski
Dr. Łukasz Zapała
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • genitourinary cancer
  • point-of-care diagnostics
  • personalized treatment
  • immunotherapy
  • treatment

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 17733 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Significance of the Cribriform Pattern in Prostate Cancer: Clinical Outcomes and Genomic Alterations
by Mutlay Sayan, Yetkin Tuac, Mahmut Akgul, Grace K. Pratt, Mary D. Rowan, Dilara Akbulut, Samet Kucukcolak, Elza Tjio, Shalini Moningi, Jonathan E. Leeman, Peter F. Orio, Paul L. Nguyen, Anthony V. D’Amico and Cagdas Aktan
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071248 - 22 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2722
Abstract
Purpose: Given the diverse clinical progression of prostate cancer (PC) and the evolving significance of histopathological factors in its management, this study aimed to explore the impact of cribriform pattern 4 (CP4) on clinical outcomes in PC patients and examine its molecular characteristics. [...] Read more.
Purpose: Given the diverse clinical progression of prostate cancer (PC) and the evolving significance of histopathological factors in its management, this study aimed to explore the impact of cribriform pattern 4 (CP4) on clinical outcomes in PC patients and examine its molecular characteristics. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and included PC patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and had pathology slides available for the assessment of CP4. A multivariable competing risk regression analysis was used to assess the association between CP4 and progression-free survival (PFS) while adjusting for established PC prognostic factors. The frequency of genomic alterations was compared between patients with and without CP4 using the Fisher’s exact test. Results: Among the 394 patients analyzed, 129 (32.74%) had CP4. After a median follow-up of 40.50 months (IQR: 23.90, 65.60), the presence of CP4 was significantly associated with lower PFS (AHR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.114; p = 0.023) after adjusting for covariates. Seven hub genes—KRT13, KRT5, KRT15, COL17A1, KRT14, KRT16, and TP63—had significantly lower mRNA expression levels in patients with CP4 compared to those without. Conclusions: PC patients with CP4 have distinct genomic alterations and are at a high risk of disease progression following RP. Therefore, these patients may benefit from additional post-RP treatments and should be the subject of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers)
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15 pages, 10387 KiB  
Article
Urinary Microbiome Dysbiosis and Immune Dysregulations as Potential Diagnostic Indicators of Bladder Cancer
by Matthew Uzelac, Ruomin Xin, Tianyi Chen, Daniel John, Wei Tse Li, Mahadevan Rajasekaran and Weg M. Ongkeko
Cancers 2024, 16(2), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16020394 - 17 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1851
Abstract
There are a total of 82,290 new cases and 16,710 deaths estimated for bladder cancer in the United States in 2023. Currently, urine cytology tests are widely used for bladder cancer diagnosis, though they suffer from variable sensitivity, ranging from 45 to 97%. [...] Read more.
There are a total of 82,290 new cases and 16,710 deaths estimated for bladder cancer in the United States in 2023. Currently, urine cytology tests are widely used for bladder cancer diagnosis, though they suffer from variable sensitivity, ranging from 45 to 97%. More recently, the microbiome has become increasingly recognized for its role in human diseases, including cancers. This study attempts to characterize urinary microbiome bladder cancer-specific dysbiosis to explore its diagnostic potential. RNA-sequencing data of urine samples from patients with bladder cancer (n = 18) and matched controls (n = 12) were mapped to bacterial sequences to yield species-level abundance approximations. Urine samples were analyzed at both the population and species level to reveal dysbiosis associated with bladder cancer. A panel of 35 differentially abundant species was discovered, which may be useful as urinary biomarkers for this disease. We further assessed whether these species were of similar significance in a validation dataset (n = 81), revealing that the genera Escherichia, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter were consistently differentially abundant. We discovered distinct patterns of microbial-associated immune modulation in these samples. Several immune pathways were found to be significantly enriched with respect to the abundance of these species, including antigen processing and presentation, cytosolic DNA sensing, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Differential cytokine activity was similarly observed, suggesting the urinary microbiome’s correlation to immune modulation. The adherens junction and WNT signaling pathways, both implicated in the development and progression of bladder cancer, were also enriched with these species. Our findings indicate that the urinary microbiome may reflect both microbial and immune dysregulations of the tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer. Given the potential biomarker species identified, the urinary microbiome may provide a non-invasive, more sensitive, and more specific diagnostic tool, allowing for the earlier diagnosis of patients with bladder cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers)
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Review

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20 pages, 2720 KiB  
Review
Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products in Endometrial Cancer: A Review
by Kamila Zglejc-Waszak, Marcin Jozwik, Michael Thoene and Joanna Wojtkiewicz
Cancers 2024, 16(18), 3192; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16183192 - 19 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1033
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy. EC is associated with metabolic disorders that may promote non-enzymatic glycation and activate the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) signaling pathways. Thus, we assumed that RAGE and its ligands may contribute to EC. [...] Read more.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy. EC is associated with metabolic disorders that may promote non-enzymatic glycation and activate the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) signaling pathways. Thus, we assumed that RAGE and its ligands may contribute to EC. Of particular interest is the interaction between diaphanous-related formin 1 (Diaph1) and RAGE during the progression of human cancers. Diaph1 is engaged in the proper organization of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, which is crucial in cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and axonogenesis. However, the detailed molecular role of RAGE in EC remains uncertain. In this review, we discuss epigenetic factors that may play a key role in the RAGE-dependent endometrial pathology. We propose that DNA methylation may regulate the activity of the RAGE pathway in the uterus. The accumulation of negative external factors, such as hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, may interfere with the DNA methylation process. Therefore, further research should take into account the role of epigenetic mechanisms in EC progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers)
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13 pages, 293 KiB  
Review
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: An Updated Review of the Literature
by Marcin Jozwik, Katarzyna Bednarczuk and Zofia Osierda
Cancers 2024, 16(18), 3124; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16183124 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare proliferative condition representing skin sarcomas which is known to locally recur yet very rarely metastasizes. Its genetic background is a reciprocal translocation t(17;22)(q22;q13) that produces COL1A1-PDGFB gene fusion. Complete resection is the primary treatment. The aim of [...] Read more.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare proliferative condition representing skin sarcomas which is known to locally recur yet very rarely metastasizes. Its genetic background is a reciprocal translocation t(17;22)(q22;q13) that produces COL1A1-PDGFB gene fusion. Complete resection is the primary treatment. The aim of this review is to outline the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of DFSP. A clear-cut distinction between low-to-moderate-grade DFSP with excellent prognosis and high-grade fibrosarcomatous DFSP with a much worse prognosis is underlined. Malignant transformation within DFSP (or high histologic grade), older age, being female, large primary tumor size (≥10 cm), narrow surgical margins of excision (<3 cm), surgical margin positivity for tumor cells, short time to recurrence, numerous recurrences, tumor that was recently rapidly enlarging, and presence of pain in the tumor have all been proposed as clinicopathological risk factors for recurrence and metastasis. A tendency for local growth and local relapses of well- and moderately differentiated DFSPs is an argument for their surgical excision, possibly combined with reconstructive surgery, even in patients of advanced age. Another main point of this review is that cases of DFSP with fibrosarcomatous transformation are a challenge and require careful medical attention. Both anatomopathological evaluation of the presence of lymphovascular space invasion and sentinel lymph node biopsy at DFSP surgery merit further study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers)
15 pages, 284 KiB  
Review
Role of Lutetium Radioligand Therapy in Prostate Cancer
by Ignacy Książek, Artur Ligęza, Franciszek Drzymała, Adam Borek, Marcin Miszczyk, Marcin Radosław Francuz, Akihiro Matsukawa, Takafumi Yanagisawa, Tamás Fazekas, Łukasz Zapała and Paweł Rajwa
Cancers 2024, 16(13), 2433; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132433 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1715
Abstract
Theranostics utilize ligands that chelate radionuclides and selectively bind with cancer-specific membrane antigens. In the case of prostate cancer (PCa), the state-of-the-art lutetium-177-PSMA combines the radioactive β-emitter 177Lu with Vipivotide Tetraxetan, a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-binding ligand. Several studies have been conducted, [...] Read more.
Theranostics utilize ligands that chelate radionuclides and selectively bind with cancer-specific membrane antigens. In the case of prostate cancer (PCa), the state-of-the-art lutetium-177-PSMA combines the radioactive β-emitter 177Lu with Vipivotide Tetraxetan, a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-binding ligand. Several studies have been conducted, and the therapy is not without adverse effects (e.g., xerostomia, nausea, and fatigue); however, few events are reported as severe. The available evidence supports the use of 177Lu-PSMA in selected metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients, and the treatment is considered a standard of care in several clinical scenarios. Emerging research shows promising results in the setting of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; however, evidence from high-quality controlled trials is still missing. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for the application of 177Lu-PSMA in the management of PCa patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers)
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