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Cancers
Special Issues
Biomarkers for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
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Biomarkers for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 2059

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Emilio Bertani

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Guest Editor
Division of Digestive Surgery, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
Interests: neuroendocrine tumors; robotic surgery; colorectal cancer minimally-invasive surgery; radio-guided surgery
Prof. Dr. Massimo Milione

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
Interests: gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; lung neuroendocrine tumors; biliary tract and pancreas neoplasms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Roberta E. Rossi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
Interests: neuroendocrine tumors; chronic atrophic gastritis; carcinoids; gastroeneterology and endoscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are relatively rare yet clinically challenging in their management. Biomarkers of individual tumor types, (e.g., insulin for insulinoma, gastrin for gastrinoma, vasoactive intestinal peptide for vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors) are helpful serum indicators of tumor activity but are useful in only a few neuroendocrine tumors with distinct clinical syndromes. Serum chromogranin A is determined for diagnostic purpose and follow-up of NENs; however, its usefulness is debated due to its very low specificity. Serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) have been measured in blood and urine samples, respectively, as markers of carcinoid syndrome of predominantly midgut origin, showing correlation with the presence and grade of carcinoid syndrome. Some novel biomarkers of neuroendocrine tumors are in advanced clinical development, including a multianalyte whole blood RNA multigene signature with algorithmic analysis. The aim of this issue is to give up-to-date and practical guidance about the use of biomarkers in the management of NENs.

Dr. Emilio Bertani
Prof. Dr. Massimo Milione
Dr. Roberta E. Rossi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neuroendocrine neoplasms
  • biomarkers
  • carcinoid syndrome
  • diagnosis
  • prognostic factors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 1008 KiB  
Review
Urinary 5-Hydroxyindolacetic Acid Measurements in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumor-Related Carcinoid Syndrome: State of the Art
by Roberta Elisa Rossi, Elisabetta Lavezzi, Simona Jaafar, Giacomo Cristofolini, Alice Laffi, Gennaro Nappo, Silvia Carrara, Alexia Francesca Bertuzzi, Silvia Uccella, Alessandro Repici, Alessandro Zerbi and Andrea Gerardo Antonio Lania
Cancers 2023, 15(16), 4065; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164065 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Carcinoid syndrome (CS), mostly associated with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) or lung-related NETs, is characterized by symptoms related to hormonal secretion and long-term complications, including carcinoid heart disease (CHD), which is potentially life-threatening. In the early stages of the disease, symptoms are [...] Read more.
Carcinoid syndrome (CS), mostly associated with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) or lung-related NETs, is characterized by symptoms related to hormonal secretion and long-term complications, including carcinoid heart disease (CHD), which is potentially life-threatening. In the early stages of the disease, symptoms are non-specific, which leads to delayed diagnoses. The availability of reliable tumor markers is crucial for a prompt diagnosis and proper management. This review summarizes available evidence on the role of 24 h urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (24u5HIAA), which is the urinary breakdown metabolite of serotonin, in the diagnosis/follow-up of NET-related CS, with a focus on its potential prognostic role, while eventually attempting to suggest a timeline for its measurement during the follow-up of NET patients. The use of 24u5HIAA is an established biomarker for the diagnosis of NETs with CS since it shows a sensibility and specificity of 100% and 85–90%, respectively. The downside of 24u5-HIAA is represented by the need for 24 h urine collection and the risk of confounding factors (foods and medication), which might lead to false positive/negative results. Moreover, 24u5HIAA is useful in the follow-up of NETs with CS since a shorter double time correlates to a higher risk of disease progression/disease-specific mortality. Furthermore, an elevation in 24u5-HIAA is correlated with a dismal prognosis because it is associated with an increased likelihood of CHD development and disease progression/mortality. Other potentially interesting biochemical markers have been proposed, including plasmatic 5HIAA, although further standardization and prospective studies are required to define their role in the management of NETs. Meanwhile, 24u5HIAA remains the most accurate CS biomarker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms)
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