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Cancers
Special Issues
Body Composition in Oncology and Beyond
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Body Composition in Oncology and Beyond

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 7587

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stefania Rizzo

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Guest Editor
1. Clinica di Radiologia Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Istituto Imaging della Svizzera Italiana, Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
2. Facoltà di Scienze biomediche, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
Interests: oncologic imaging; gynecological imaging; radiomics; radiogenomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Petrella

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy
2. Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy
Interests: lung cancer surgery; thoracic oncology; early-stage lung cancer; locally advanced lung cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The role of body composition compartments on prognosis, response to treatment, quality of life, and toxicities in cancer patients has been increasingly recognized.

Quality, quantity, and distribution of muscle, fat, and bone may be a potential valuable tool to assess the functional status of cancer patients at diagnosis, during treatments and during follow-up.

Visceral and subcutaneous fat, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity might indeed affect the advent of surgical complications, the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy, as well as the overall prognosis in cancer patients.

Changes of body composition are multifactorial and may be related but not limited to the initial nutritional and functional status of the body, immobility, the endocrine function, chronic diseases, insulin metabolism, the lack of exercise, and nutritional deficiencies.

 We are pleased to invite you to submit papers assessing the role of body composition measures evaluated in relation to cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment.

This Special Issue aims to collect papers that cover the state of the art of body composition profiling assessed by any modality and its relationships with cancer patients’ outcomes.

In this Special Issue, original research articles, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are welcome.

Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: association between body composition values, surgical outcomes, chemotherapy toxicities, changes during specific treatments, and impact of treatments on body composition.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Stefania Rizzo
Dr. Francesco Petrella
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1790 KiB  
Article
Whole-Body Composition Features by Computed Tomography in Ovarian Cancer: Pilot Data on Survival Correlations
by Giorgio Raia, Maria Del Grande, Ilaria Colombo, Marta Nerone, Lucia Manganaro, Maria Luisa Gasparri, Andrea Papadia, Filippo Del Grande and Stefania Rizzo
Cancers 2023, 15(9), 2602; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092602 - 4 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2421
Abstract
Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the associations of computed tomography (CT)-based whole-body composition values with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. The secondary objective was the association of body composition with [...] Read more.
Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the associations of computed tomography (CT)-based whole-body composition values with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. The secondary objective was the association of body composition with chemotherapy-related toxicity. Methods: Thirty-four patients (median age 64.9 years; interquartile range 55.4–75.4) with EOC and thorax and abdomen CT scans were included. Clinical data recorded: age; weight; height; stage; chemotherapy-related toxicity; and date of last contact, progression and death. Automatic extraction of body composition values was performed by dedicated software. Sarcopenia was defined according to predefined cutoffs. Statistical analysis included univariate tests to investigate associations of sarcopenia and body composition with chemotoxicity. Association of body composition parameters and OS/PFS was evaluated by log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model. Multivariate models were adjusted for FIGO stage and/or age at diagnosis. Results: We found significant associations of skeletal muscle volume with OS (p = 0.04) and PFS (p = 0.04); intramuscular fat volume with PFS (p = 0.03); and visceral adipose tissue, epicardial and paracardial fat with PFS (p = 0.04, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). We found no significant associations between body composition parameters and chemotherapy-related toxicity. Conclusions: In this exploratory study, we found significant associations of whole-body composition parameters with OS and PFS. These results open a window to the possibility to perform body composition profiling without approximate estimations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition in Oncology and Beyond)
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16 pages, 3106 KiB  
Article
Associations of Total Body Fat Mass and Skeletal Muscle Index with All-Cause and Cancer-Specific Mortality in Cancer Survivors
by Livingstone Aduse-Poku, Shama D. Karanth, Meghann Wheeler, Danting Yang, Caretia Washington, Young-Rock Hong, Todd M. Manini, Jesus C. Fabregas, Ting-Yuan David Cheng and Dejana Braithwaite
Cancers 2023, 15(4), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041081 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4558
Abstract
Purpose: The importance of body composition on cancer outcomes is of great clinical interest. Measures of body composition that differentiate fat mass from skeletal muscle mass can help redefine our understanding of body composition for cancer survival. We investigated whether the risk [...] Read more.
Purpose: The importance of body composition on cancer outcomes is of great clinical interest. Measures of body composition that differentiate fat mass from skeletal muscle mass can help redefine our understanding of body composition for cancer survival. We investigated whether the risk of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality differ by levels of total fat mass and sarcopenia status in cancer survivors. Our secondary aim was a subgroup analysis assessing the role of race within these associations. Methods: Participants included 1682 adult cancer survivors who had undergone a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination to measure body composition, from the 1999–2006 and 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Total fat mass was categorized into tertiles (we assessed high vs. low tertiles), and sarcopenia was considered as having an appendicular skeletal muscle mass index less than 7.26 kg/m2 for males and less than 5.45 kg/m2 for females. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The mean age of study participants was 61.9 years, and they were followed up for an average of 9.67 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 25.0% (N = 304), and 33.4% (N = 561) had a high total fat mass. Participants with a higher fat mass (aHR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06–1.61) and with sarcopenia (aHR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.22–1.88) had a 30% and 51% increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to participants with a low fat mass and with no sarcopenia, respectively. Further, sarcopenia (aHR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.23–2.29) was associated with a higher risk of cancer-specific mortality in cancer survivors. The association between sarcopenia and all-cause mortality was twice as strong in Black people (aHR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.39–6.06) compared to White people (aHR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.19–1.95). Conclusions: Our findings show the opposing relations of fat mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index with mortality in a national sample of cancer survivors, and that the relationships may differ by race. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy body composition among cancer survivors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition in Oncology and Beyond)
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