Neoplastic Complications of Immune-Mediated Gastrointestinal Disorders

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 21593

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
First Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Interests: autoimmune atrophic gastritis; coeliac disease; enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma; inflammatory bowel disease; small bowel adenocarcinoma

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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Interests: coeliac disease; Crohn’s disease; small bowel adenocarcinoma; ulcerative colitis

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Guest Editor
Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia; Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
Interests: histology; neuroendocrine tumour; small bowel adenocarcinoma

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Guest Editor
Gastroenterologia Oncologica Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
Interests: colorectal cancer; confocal laser endomicroscopy; gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; neuroendocrine tumor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders, namely autoimmune atrophic gastritis, coeliac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease, are well-known risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers, including gastric carcinoma, gastric carcinoid, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma. Due to chronic inflammation, the molecular pathways underlying these neoplasms that complicate the situation for patients with immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders frequently differ in comparison to sporadic cases. Accordingly, the rate of response to conventional and novel therapies is diverse in patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis, coeliac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.

For this Special Issue, we welcome original research articles and state-of-the-art reviews from experts in this field covering premalignant lesions, predictors of survival, molecular pathogenesis, new treatments, and biomarkers for the response in neoplastic complications of immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders.

Prof. Antonio Di Sabatino
Dr. Renato Cannizzaro
Dr. Paolo Giuffrida
Dr. Alessandro Vanoli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • autoimmune atrophic gastritis
  • coeliac disease
  • colorectal carcinoma
  • dysplasia
  • enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
  • Epstein–Barr virus
  • gastric adenocarcinoma
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • immunotherapy
  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • microbiome
  • neuroendocrine tumor
  • small bowel adenocarcinoma
  • tumor immune microenvironment

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1225 KiB  
Article
Serum Markers of Refractoriness and Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma in Coeliac Disease
by Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Nicola Aronico, Paolo Giuffrida, Valentina Antoci, Giovanni Santacroce, Alessandro Vanoli, Catherine Klersy, Gino Roberto Corazza and Antonio Di Sabatino
Cancers 2021, 13(10), 2289; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102289 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1950
Abstract
The persistence or recurrence of symptoms in patients with coeliac disease (CD), despite a gluten-free diet (GFD), must prompt further work-up for excluding refractory CD (RCD). The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of serum markers in predicting refractoriness in [...] Read more.
The persistence or recurrence of symptoms in patients with coeliac disease (CD), despite a gluten-free diet (GFD), must prompt further work-up for excluding refractory CD (RCD). The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of serum markers in predicting refractoriness in CD patients. This study included 72 patients affected by CD followed-up at our center, namely 49 uncomplicated CD before and after GFD and 23 RCD. Serum levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and β2-microglobuline were measured at baseline and at follow-up (median time of 13 months) in each group of patients. Cut-off points for each marker were estimated to differentiate RCD from uncomplicated CD patients. Serum levels of CgA and β2-microglobuline were significantly higher in patients with RCD compared to uncomplicated CD (p < 0.001), both at baseline and at follow-up, with no significant difference between RCD type 1 and type 2. The estimated cut-off point for CgA was 90.2 ng/mL (sensitivity 83%, specificity 100%), while for β2-microglobuline it was 696 mcg/L (sensitivity 100%, specificity of 100%). To conclude, CgA and β2-microglobuline could be useful serological markers of refractoriness in CD, with the ability to discriminate those patients who should undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for making a definite diagnosis. Full article
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Review

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34 pages, 803 KiB  
Review
The Risk of Malignancies in Celiac Disease—A Literature Review
by Filippo Pelizzaro, Ilaria Marsilio, Matteo Fassan, Francesco Piazza, Brigida Barberio, Anna D’Odorico, Edoardo V. Savarino, Fabio Farinati and Fabiana Zingone
Cancers 2021, 13(21), 5288; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215288 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4743
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Considering that CeD affects approximately 1% of the Western population, it may be considered a global health problem. In the large majority of cases, CeD has a [...] Read more.
Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Considering that CeD affects approximately 1% of the Western population, it may be considered a global health problem. In the large majority of cases, CeD has a benign course, characterized by the complete resolution of symptoms and a normal life expectancy after the beginning of a gluten-free-diet (GFD); however, an increased risk of developing malignancies, such as lymphomas and small bowel carcinoma (SBC), has been reported. In particular, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), a peculiar type of T-cell lymphoma, is characteristically associated with CeD. Moreover, the possible association between CeD and several other malignancies has been also investigated in a considerable number of studies. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge about the associations between CeD and cancer, focusing in particular on EATL and SBC, two rare but aggressive malignancies. Full article
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28 pages, 934 KiB  
Review
Predicting Colorectal Cancer Occurrence in IBD
by Mehmet Yalchin, Ann-Marie Baker, Trevor A. Graham and Ailsa Hart
Cancers 2021, 13(12), 2908; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122908 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5304
Abstract
Patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and are therefore enrolled into a surveillance programme aimed at detecting dysplasia or early cancer. Current surveillance programmes are guided by clinical, endoscopic or histological predictors [...] Read more.
Patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and are therefore enrolled into a surveillance programme aimed at detecting dysplasia or early cancer. Current surveillance programmes are guided by clinical, endoscopic or histological predictors of colitis-associated CRC (CA-CRC). We have seen great progress in our understanding of these predictors of disease progression, and advances in endoscopic technique and management, along with improved medical care, has been mirrored by the falling incidence of CA-CRC over the last 50 years. However, more could be done to improve our molecular understanding of CA-CRC progression and enable better risk stratification for patients with IBD. This review summarises the known risk factors associated with CA-CRC and explores the molecular landscape that has the potential to complement and optimise the existing IBD surveillance programme. Full article
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19 pages, 1115 KiB  
Review
Are Volatile Organic Compounds Accurate Markers in the Assessment of Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases? A Review
by Filippo Vernia, Marco Valvano, Stefano Fabiani, Gianpiero Stefanelli, Salvatore Longo, Angelo Viscido and Giovanni Latella
Cancers 2021, 13(10), 2361; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102361 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4788
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the Western world. Early detection decreases incidence and mortality. Screening programs based on fecal occult blood testing help identify patients requiring endoscopic examination, but accuracy is far from optimal. Among [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the Western world. Early detection decreases incidence and mortality. Screening programs based on fecal occult blood testing help identify patients requiring endoscopic examination, but accuracy is far from optimal. Among the alternative strategies, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent novel potentially useful biomarkers of colorectal cancer. They also represent a promising tool for the screening of both intestinal inflammation and related CRC. The review is focused on the diagnostic potential of VOCs in sporadic CRC and in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which increase the risk of CRC, analyzing future clinical applications. Despite limitations related to inadequate strength of evidence, differing analytical platforms identify different VOCs, and this unconventional approach for diagnosing colorectal cancer is promising. Some VOC profiles, besides identifying inflammation, seem disease-specific in inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, breath, urine, and fecal VOCs provide a new and promising clinical approach to differential diagnosis, evaluation of the inflammatory status, and possibly the assessment of treatment efficacy in IBD. Conversely, specific VOC patterns correlating inflammatory bowel disease and cancer risk are still lacking, and studies focused on this issue are strongly encouraged. No prospective studies have assessed the risk of CRC development by using VOCs in samples collected before the onset of disease, both in the general population and in patients with IBD. Full article
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22 pages, 2495 KiB  
Review
The Role of Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Colorectal Cancer-Associated Inflammation: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies
by Federica Ungaro, Silvia D’Alessio and Silvio Danese
Cancers 2020, 12(8), 2060; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082060 - 26 Jul 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3994
Abstract
Inflammation is a recognized hallmark of cancer that contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-inflammatory drugs currently used for the treatment of CRC show many adverse side effects that prompted researchers to propose the polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived specialized pro-resolving [...] Read more.
Inflammation is a recognized hallmark of cancer that contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-inflammatory drugs currently used for the treatment of CRC show many adverse side effects that prompted researchers to propose the polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) as promoters of resolution of cancer-associated inflammation. SPMs were found to inhibit the CRC-associated pro-inflammatory milieu via specific G-coupled protein receptors, although clinical data are still lacking. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art in this field, ultimately providing insights for the development of innovative anti-CRC therapies that promote the endogenous lipid-mediated resolution of CRC-associated inflammation. Full article
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