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Cancers
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Roles of Exosomes/Microvesicles in Stromal-Epithelial Interaction and Cancer Progression
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Roles of Exosomes/Microvesicles in Stromal-Epithelial Interaction and Cancer Progression

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2016) | Viewed by 40916

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrew K. Godwin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chancellors Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Sciences endowed Professor and Director, Molecular Oncology; Deputy Director, University of Kansas Cancer Center; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
Interests: biobanking; predictive biomarkers and early detection; cancer genetics; molecular biology; personalized cancer medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicle (EV) production and release occurs in all cells types under normal physiologic, as well as in diseased states. This conserved evolutionary process inherent to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, leads to the formation of membrane-derived vesicles, which based upon vesicular size, intracellular contents and biogenesis are categorized into (1) microvesicles/microparticles, (2) apoptotic bodies, and (3) exosomes. The recent discovery of exosome-mediated cellular communication has greatly transformed our understanding of the way contact independent cell-to-cell communication occurs in physiological and pathological processes. These nano-sized vesicles of endocytic origin are secreted by most cell types and represent a “natural” packaged delivery system that efficiently transports a wide range of informative molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and retrotransposons, often representative of the cell of origin. Although exosomes were originally described in the 1980s, recent discoveries have sparked renewed interest in their role as mediators of intercellular communications, as well as their potential value as biomarkers. Exosomes are able to travel systemically throughout the body to potentially target a variety of recipient cells. Upon surface contact and/or uptake, exosomes exert molecular and physiological changes via the delivery of their content and/or activation of signaling pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of exosomal communication in normal biology and pathological states such as cancer. In many types of neoplasia, current evidence demonstrates that tumor cells display an enhanced exosomal output in contrast to their normal counterparts which is not only important for communication between tumor cells but also between tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment. This dynamic interplay contributes to the development and progression of diseases, such as cancer, and enhances processes, such as tumor metastasis, anti-tumor immuno-responses, and drug resistance. In light of these advancements, this Special Issue will examine the multifaceted roles of exosomes in stromal-epithelial interaction and cancer progression, as well as the unique utility they present to detect, monitor, and therapeutically combat tumor occurrences.

Prof. Dr. Andrew K. Godwin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer-associated exosomes
  • drug resistance
  • extracellular matrix
  • extracellular membrane vesicles
  • epithelial-mesenchymal transition
  • intercellular signaling
  • metastasis
  • multivesicular body
  • tumor-associated macrophage
  • tumor microenvironment
  • tumor niche

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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2708 KiB  
Article
Comparative miRNA Analysis of Urine Extracellular Vesicles Isolated through Five Different Methods
by Felix Royo, Izzuddin Diwan, Michael R. Tackett, Patricia Zuñiga, Pilar Sanchez-Mosquera, Ana Loizaga-Iriarte, Aitziber Ugalde-Olano, Isabel Lacasa, Amparo Perez, Miguel Unda, Arkaitz Carracedo and Juan M. Falcon-Perez
Cancers 2016, 8(12), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers8120112 - 10 Dec 2016
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 7683
Abstract
Urine extracellular vesicles are a valuable low-invasive source of information, especially for the cells of the genitourinary tract. In the search for biomarkers, different techniques have been developed to isolate and characterize the cargo of these vesicles. In the present work, we compare [...] Read more.
Urine extracellular vesicles are a valuable low-invasive source of information, especially for the cells of the genitourinary tract. In the search for biomarkers, different techniques have been developed to isolate and characterize the cargo of these vesicles. In the present work, we compare five of these different isolation methods (three commercial isolation kits, ultracentrifugation, and lectin-based purification) and perform miRNA profiling using a multiplex miRNA assay. The results showed high correlation through all isolation techniques, and 48 out of 68 miRNAs were detected above the detection limit at least 10 times. The results obtained by multiplex assay were validated through Taqman qPCR. In addition, using this technique combined with a clinically friendly extracellular vesicle (uEV)-enrichment method, we performed the analysis of selected miRNAs in urine from patients affected with bladder cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia, or prostate cancer. Importantly, we found that those miRNAs could be detected in almost 100% of the samples, and no significant differences were observed between groups. Our results support the feasibility of analyzing exosomes-associated miRNAs using a methodology that requires a small volume of urine and is compatible with a clinical environment and high-throughput analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Exosomes/Microvesicles in Stromal-Epithelial Interaction and Cancer Progression)
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2422 KiB  
Article
The Enrichment of Survivin in Exosomes from Breast Cancer Cells Treated with Paclitaxel Promotes Cell Survival and Chemoresistance
by Bridget T. Kreger, Eric R. Johansen, Richard A. Cerione and Marc A. Antonyak
Cancers 2016, 8(12), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers8120111 - 9 Dec 2016
Cited by 123 | Viewed by 7745
Abstract
The generation and release of membrane-enclosed packets from cancer cells, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), play important roles in propagating transformed phenotypes, including promoting cell survival. EVs mediate their effects by transferring their contents, which include specific proteins and nucleic acids, to target cells. [...] Read more.
The generation and release of membrane-enclosed packets from cancer cells, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), play important roles in propagating transformed phenotypes, including promoting cell survival. EVs mediate their effects by transferring their contents, which include specific proteins and nucleic acids, to target cells. However, how the cargo and function of EVs change in response to different stimuli remains unclear. Here, we discovered that treating highly aggressive MDAMB231 breast cancer cells with paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapy that stabilizes microtubules, causes them to generate a specific class of EV, namely exosomes, that are highly enriched with the cell survival protein and cancer marker, Survivin. Treating MDAMB231 cells with a variety of other chemotherapeutic agents, and inhibitors that block cell growth and survival, did not have the same effect as PTX, with the exception of nocodazole, another inhibitor of microtubule dynamics. Exosomes isolated from PTX-treated MDAMB231 cells strongly promoted the survival of serum-starved and PTX-treated fibroblasts and SKBR3 breast cancer cells, an effect that was ablated when Survivin was knocked-down from these vesicles using siRNA. These findings underscore how the enrichment of a specific cargo in exosomes promotes cell survival, as well as can potentially serve as a marker of PTX resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Exosomes/Microvesicles in Stromal-Epithelial Interaction and Cancer Progression)
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Review

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220 KiB  
Review
Exosomes in Cancer Diagnostics
by Young Hwa Soung, Shane Ford, Vincent Zhang and Jun Chung
Cancers 2017, 9(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers9010008 - 12 Jan 2017
Cited by 289 | Viewed by 18161
Abstract
Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30–120 nm size ranges. Exosomes have been identified as mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids into recipient cells. While exosomes are secreted by multiple cell types, cancer [...] Read more.
Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30–120 nm size ranges. Exosomes have been identified as mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids into recipient cells. While exosomes are secreted by multiple cell types, cancer derived exosomes not only influence the invasive potentials of proximally located cells, but also affect distantly located tissues. Based on their ability to alter tumor microenvironment by regulating immunity, angiogenesis and metastasis, there has been growing interest in defining the clinical relevance of exosomes in cancers. In particular, exosomes are valuable sources for biomarkers due to selective cargo loading and resemblance to their parental cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings to utilize exosomes as cancer biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis and therapy selection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Exosomes/Microvesicles in Stromal-Epithelial Interaction and Cancer Progression)
601 KiB  
Review
Biology, Therapy and Implications of Tumor Exosomes in the Progression of Melanoma
by Allison L. Isola, Kevinn Eddy and Suzie Chen
Cancers 2016, 8(12), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers8120110 - 9 Dec 2016
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 6658
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and about 6% of the estimated cancer diagnoses this year will be melanoma cases. Melanomas are derived from transformation of the pigment producing cells of the skin, melanocytes. Early stage melanoma [...] Read more.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and about 6% of the estimated cancer diagnoses this year will be melanoma cases. Melanomas are derived from transformation of the pigment producing cells of the skin, melanocytes. Early stage melanoma is usually curable by surgical resection, but late stage or subsequent secondary metastatic tumors are treated with some success with chemotherapies, radiation and/or immunotherapies. Most cancer patients die from metastatic disease, which is especially the case in melanoma. A better understanding of tumor metastasis will provide insights and guide rational therapeutic designs. Recently, the importance of melanoma-derived exosomes in the progression of that cancer has become more apparent, namely, their role in various stages of metastasis, including the induction of migration, invasion, primary niche manipulation, immune modulation and pre-metastatic niche formation. This review focuses on the critical roles that melanoma exosomes play in the progression of this deadly disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Exosomes/Microvesicles in Stromal-Epithelial Interaction and Cancer Progression)
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