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Cancers
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Prevention and Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
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Prevention and Early Detection of Prostate Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Causes, Screening and Diagnosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2022) | Viewed by 13255

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Channing Judith Paller

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Interests: biochemically recurrent prostate cancer; novel therapeutic combination therapy for prostate cancer; personalized therapy; germline mutations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pedro C. Barata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Interests: localized prostate cancer; recurrent prostate cancer; castration-resistant prostate cancer; genomic-based therapies; precision oncology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Prostate cancer has a significant heritable component, with more than half of the risk attributed to genetic factors comprised of a spectrum of rare, highly penetrant pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes to common single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as diet and weight control, smoking cessation, and exercise are increasingly being shown to play a role in decreasing the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Early detection of prostate cancer using PSA (prostate specific antigen) remains a controversial topic, and recent data have made multiparametric MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) the new gold standard for early diagnosis and identifying individuals who can be spared aggressive management.

This Special Issue will discuss the current evidence and research questions regarding the prevention and early detection of prostate cancer, including the heritable dimension of prostate cancer and the role of multiparametric MRI, PSA screening, and other emerging serologic biomarkers.

Dr. Channing Judith Paller
Dr. Pedro C. Barata
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer prevention
  • prostate cancer detection
  • screening

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1327 KiB  
Article
Clinical Application of the New Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) Score Proposed to Evaluate the Local Recurrence of Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy
by Federica Ciccarese, Beniamino Corcioni, Lorenzo Bianchi, Antonio De Cinque, Alexandro Paccapelo, Giovanni Luca Galletta, Riccardo Schiavina, Eugenio Brunocilla, Rita Golfieri and Caterina Gaudiano
Cancers 2022, 14(19), 4725; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194725 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1837
Abstract
Background: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the new Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) score and its inter-observer variability. Secondly, we compared the detection rate of PI-RR and PET and analyzed the correlation between Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels and the PI-RR [...] Read more.
Background: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the new Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) score and its inter-observer variability. Secondly, we compared the detection rate of PI-RR and PET and analyzed the correlation between Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels and the PI-RR score. Methods: We included in the analysis 134 patients submitted to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for suspected local recurrence. The images were independently reviewed by two radiologists, assigning a value from 1 to 5 to the PI-RR score. Inter-observer agreement and diagnostic accuracy of the PI-RR score (compared to histopathological data, available for 19 patients) were calculated. The detection rate was compared to those of choline PET/CT (46 patients) and PSMA PET/CT (22 patients). The distribution of the PSA values in relation to the PI-RR scores was also analyzed. Results: The accuracy of the PI-RR score was 68.4%. The reporting agreement was excellent (K = 0.884, p < 0.001). The PI-RR showed a higher detection rate than choline PET/CT (69.6% versus 19.6%) and PSMA PET-CT (59.1% versus 22.7%). The analysis of the PSA distribution documented an increase in the PI-RR score as the PSA value increased. Conclusion: The excellent reproducibility of the PI-RR score supports its wide use in the clinical practice to standardize recurrence reporting. The detection rate of PI-RR was superior to that of PET, but was linked to the PSA level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Early Detection of Prostate Cancer)
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12 pages, 1049 KiB  
Article
A Polygenic Risk Score Predicts Incident Prostate Cancer Risk in Older Men but Does Not Select for Clinically Significant Disease
by Andrew Bakshi, Moeen Riaz, Suzanne G. Orchard, Prudence R. Carr, Amit D. Joshi, Yin Cao, Richard Rebello, Tú Nguyen-Dumont, Melissa C. Southey, Jeremy L. Millar, Lucy Gately, Peter Gibbs, Leslie G. Ford, Howard L. Parnes, Andrew T. Chan, John J. McNeil and Paul Lacaze
Cancers 2021, 13(22), 5815; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225815 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3161
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of prostate cancer in older men, the predictive value of a polygenic risk score (PRS) remains uncertain in men aged ≥70 years. We used a 6.6 million-variant PRS to predict the risk of incident prostate cancer in a prospective [...] Read more.
Despite the high prevalence of prostate cancer in older men, the predictive value of a polygenic risk score (PRS) remains uncertain in men aged ≥70 years. We used a 6.6 million-variant PRS to predict the risk of incident prostate cancer in a prospective study of 5701 men of European descent aged ≥70 years (mean age 75 years) enrolled in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) clinical trial. The study endpoint was prostate cancer, including metastatic or non-metastatic disease, confirmed by an expert panel. After excluding participants with a history of prostate cancer at enrolment, we used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between the PRS and incident prostate cancer risk, adjusting for covariates. Additionally, we examined the distribution of Gleason grade groups by PRS group to determine if a higher PRS was associated with higher grade disease. We tested for interaction between the PRS and aspirin treatment. Logistic regression was used to independently assess the association of the PRS with prevalent (pre-trial) prostate cancer, reported in medical histories. During a median follow-up time of 4.6 years, 218 of the 5701 participants (3.8%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The PRS predicted incident risk with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.52 per standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–1.74, p < 0.001). Men in the top quintile of the PRS distribution had an almost three times higher risk of prostate cancer than men in the lowest quintile (HR = 2.99 (95% CI 1.90–4.27), p < 0.001). However, a higher PRS was not associated with a higher Gleason grade groups. We found no interaction between aspirin treatment and the PRS for prostate cancer risk. The PRS was also associated with prevalent prostate cancer (odds ratio = 1.80 per SD (95% CI 1.65–1.96), p < 0.001).While a PRS for prostate cancer is strongly associated with incident risk in men aged ≥70 years, the clinical utility of the PRS as a biomarker is currently limited by its inability to select for clinically significant disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Early Detection of Prostate Cancer)
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16 pages, 3879 KiB  
Article
Low Levels of Urinary PSA Better Identify Prostate Cancer Patients
by Sergio Occhipinti, Giulio Mengozzi, Marco Oderda, Andrea Zitella, Luca Molinaro, Francesco Novelli, Mirella Giovarelli and Paolo Gontero
Cancers 2021, 13(14), 3570; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143570 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4620
Abstract
Serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) has proven to have limited accuracy in early diagnosis and in making clinical decisions about different therapies for prostate cancer (PCa). This is partially due to the fact that an increase in PSA in the blood is due [...] Read more.
Serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) has proven to have limited accuracy in early diagnosis and in making clinical decisions about different therapies for prostate cancer (PCa). This is partially due to the fact that an increase in PSA in the blood is due to the compromised architecture of the prostate, which is only observed in advanced cancer. On the contrary, PSA observed in the urine (uPSA) reflects the quantity produced by the prostate, and therefore can give more information about the presence of disease. We enrolled 574 men scheduled for prostate biopsy at the urology clinic, and levels of uPSA were evaluated. uPSA levels resulted lower among subjects with PCa when compared to patients with negative biopsies. An indirect correlation was observed between uPSA amount and the stage of disease. Loss of expression of PSA appears as a characteristic of prostate cancer development and its evaluation in urine represents an interesting approach for the early detection of the disease and the stratification of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Early Detection of Prostate Cancer)
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Review

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16 pages, 1236 KiB  
Review
The Role and Significance of Bioumoral Markers in Prostate Cancer
by Traian Constantin, Diana Alexandra Savu, Ștefana Bucur, Gabriel Predoiu, Maria Magdalena Constantin and Viorel Jinga
Cancers 2021, 13(23), 5932; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235932 - 25 Nov 2021
Viewed by 2732
Abstract
The prostate is one of the most clinically accessible internal organs of the genitourinary tract in men. For decades, the only method of screening for prostate cancer (PCa) has been digital rectal examination of 1990s significantly increased the incidence and prevalence of PCa [...] Read more.
The prostate is one of the most clinically accessible internal organs of the genitourinary tract in men. For decades, the only method of screening for prostate cancer (PCa) has been digital rectal examination of 1990s significantly increased the incidence and prevalence of PCa and consequently the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. In addition, the different types of oncology treatment methods have been linked to specific complications and side effects, which would affect the patient’s quality of life. In the first two decades of the 21st century, over-detection and over-treatment of PCa patients has generated enormous costs for health systems, especially in Europe and the United States. The Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is still the most common and accessible screening blood test for PCa, but with low sensibility and specificity at lower values (<10 ng/mL). Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies, several screening tests (blood, urine, or genetic) have been developed. This review analyzes the most used bioumoral markers for PCa screening and also those that could predict the evolution of metastases of patients diagnosed with PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Early Detection of Prostate Cancer)
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