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Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section
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Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 14240

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xiujie Li

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
Interests: zeolite material; olefin conversion; CO2 utilization; heterogeneous catalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Welcome to this Special Issue of the "Industrial Catalysis" section, which features a collection of original research papers or review papers highlighting the latest advancements and breakthroughs in the field of industrial catalysis. Catalysis plays a pivotal role in numerous industrial processes and has a profound impact on our daily lives, driving innovation and sustainability across various sectors.

Industrial catalysis involves the use of catalysts to enhance the rate and selectivity of chemical reactions, thereby enabling the production of valuable products with improved efficiency and a reduced environmental impact. Catalytic processes are employed in a wide range of industries, including petroleum refining, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, energy production, and environmental protection.

The significance of industrial catalysis cannot be overstated. It enables the transformation of raw materials into high-value products, such as fuels, polymers, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals, which are crucial to modern society. Moreover, catalysis enables the development of green and sustainable technologies by facilitating cleaner and more efficient processes, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing waste generation.

This Special Issue brings together a collection of feature papers that delve into various aspects of industrial catalysis, showcasing cutting-edge research and technological advancements. The selected papers cover a diverse range of topics, including catalyst design and synthesis, reaction kinetics and mechanisms, process optimization, catalyst characterization techniques, and the application of catalysis in specific industrial sectors.

The feature papers presented in this Special Issue highlight the latest developments in catalysis research, providing insights into the fundamental principles governing catalytic reactions and exploring innovative approaches to enhancing catalytic efficiency, selectivity, and stability. These papers also shed light on the challenges faced in industrial catalysis and propose novel solutions.

This Special Issue aims to explore emerging trends in, and the future prospects of, industrial catalysis, including the utilization of novel catalyst materials, the integration of catalysis with other technologies, such as electrochemistry and photocatalysis, and the development of catalytic processes for emerging industries, such as renewable energy and carbon capture. We hope that this Special Issue will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals working in the field of industrial catalysis, as well as for students and academics interested in gaining a deeper understanding of this vital area of science and technology.

Prof. Dr. Xiujie Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • industrial catalysis
  • catalyst design
  • reaction kinetics
  • process optimization
  • catalyst characterization
  • sustainable technologies
  • energy efficiency
  • selectivity
  • catalyst synthesis
  • emerging trends in catalysis

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 7532 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Support Specific Surface Area and Active Metal on the Performance of Biphenyl Selective Hydrogenation to Cyclohexylbenzene
by Jie Fan, Wei Li, Jingyi Yang, Tao Yang, Zhongyi Liu and Meng Zhang
Catalysts 2024, 14(10), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14100727 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 520
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern society, the consumption of fossil fuels during the industrial production process produces a significant amount of carcinogens. Converting the highly toxic biphenyl (BP) to the valuable product cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) can decrease the emission of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons. [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of modern society, the consumption of fossil fuels during the industrial production process produces a significant amount of carcinogens. Converting the highly toxic biphenyl (BP) to the valuable product cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) can decrease the emission of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, we prepared a series of 20%Ni/SiO2 catalysts with different specific surface areas (SSAs) using the over-volume impregnation method, as well as 20%M/SiO2 (M = Fe, Cu, Co, and Ni) catalysts to highlight the effects of support SSAs and active metal on the performance of BP selective hydrogenation to CHB. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TEM, and H2-TPR, which demonstrated that a high SSA would be helpful for the dispersion of the active metal. The evaluation results revealed that 20%Ni/SiO2-300 exhibited excellent activity and stability in the selective hydrogenation of BP to CHB (BP conversion: 99.6%, CHB yield: 99.3% at the conditions of 200 °C, 3 MPa, 4 h and isopropanol as the solvent) among the catalysts with different SSAs, which was also superior to the performance over the catalysts with other transition metals as the active sites. The structure–activity relationship of the employed catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of BP to CHB was also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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15 pages, 4873 KiB  
Article
Bisphenol F Synthesis from Formaldehyde and Phenol over Zeolite Y Extrudate Catalysts in a Catalyst Basket Reactor and a Fixed-Bed Reactor
by Yeongseo Park, Seoyeon Hwang, Seyeon Won, Yehee Kim, Sooyeon Hong, Jungyeop Lee, Simon Lee and Jong-Ki Jeon
Catalysts 2024, 14(10), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14100656 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 644
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of zeolite Y as a catalyst for producing bisphenol F (BPF) from phenol and formaldehyde. Catalyst extrudates were prepared by extrusion after adding pseudoboehmite sol (PS) and Ludox (Lu) as alumina and silica [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of zeolite Y as a catalyst for producing bisphenol F (BPF) from phenol and formaldehyde. Catalyst extrudates were prepared by extrusion after adding pseudoboehmite sol (PS) and Ludox (Lu) as alumina and silica binders, respectively. The compressive strength of the catalyst extrudates increased with the addition of Ludox. However, the formaldehyde conversion decreased as more Ludox was used as a binder, resulting in a decrease in the yield of BPF. This decrease is attributed to the reduction in the total amount of acid sites caused by the addition of Ludox. In this study, the Y_PS5_Lu5 catalyst was selected as the most suitable for BPF synthesis. In the BPF synthesis over the Y_PS5_Lu5 catalyst in a catalyst basket reactor, the optimum reaction temperature was determined to be 110 °C. The effect of stirring speed on the yield of BPF was found to be negligible in the range of 200 rpm to 350 rpm. The spent catalyst was able to recover a specific surface area and reaction activity similar to those of a fresh catalyst through regeneration in an air atmosphere at 500 °C. When the Y_PS5_Lu5 extruded catalyst was used in a continuous reaction in a fixed-bed reactor, there was no noticeable deactivation of the catalyst at low space velocities of the reactants. However, when the space velocity was increased to 18.0 h−1, catalyst deactivation was clearly observed. This suggests that periodic regeneration of the catalyst is inevitable in a continuous reaction using the Y_PS5_Lu5 extruded catalyst. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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9 pages, 820 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Propiolic and Butynedioic Acids via Carboxylation of CaC2 by CO2 under Mild Conditions
by Xiao-Min Zhao, Xiaoteng Zang, Yingzhou Lu, Hong Meng and Chunxi Li
Catalysts 2024, 14(7), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14070467 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 868
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas, and its resource use is vital for carbon reduction and neutrality. Herein, the nucleophilic addition reaction of calcium carbide (CaC2) to CO2 was studied for the first time to synthesize propiolic [...] Read more.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas, and its resource use is vital for carbon reduction and neutrality. Herein, the nucleophilic addition reaction of calcium carbide (CaC2) to CO2 was studied for the first time to synthesize propiolic and butynedioic acids by using CuI or AgNO3 as catalyst, Na2CO3 as additive, and triphenylphosphine as ligand in the presence/absence of a hydrogen donor. The effects of the experimental conditions and intensification approach on the reaction were investigated. The reactivity of CaC2 is closely associated with its synergistic activation by the catalysts, solvent, and external intensification, such as the ultrasound and mechanical force. Ultrasound helps to promote the reaction by enhancing the interfacial mass transfer of CaC2 particulates. Mechanochemistry can effectively promote the reaction, yielding 29.8% of butynedioic acid and 74.8% of propiolic acid after 2 h ball milling at 150 rpm, arising from the effective micronization and interfacial renewal of calcium carbide. The present study sheds a light on the high-value uses of CO2 and CaC2 and is of reference significance for the nucleophilic reaction of CaC2 with other carbonyl compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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18 pages, 7127 KiB  
Article
In Situ Growth of Mn-Co3O4 on Mesoporous ZSM-5 Zeolite for Boosting Lean Methane Catalytic Oxidation
by Yuxuan Zhang, Ruibo Wei, Lin Yang, Jinming Ge, Feiyang Hu, Tingting Zhang, Fangyin Lu, Haiwang Wang and Jian Qi
Catalysts 2024, 14(7), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14070397 - 23 Jun 2024
Viewed by 989
Abstract
The low-temperature oxidation of methane gas in coal mine exhaust gas is important for reducing the greenhouse effect and protecting the environment. Unfortunately, the carbon–hydrogen bonds in methane molecules are highly stable, requiring higher reaction temperatures to achieve effective catalytic oxidation. However, metal [...] Read more.
The low-temperature oxidation of methane gas in coal mine exhaust gas is important for reducing the greenhouse effect and protecting the environment. Unfortunately, the carbon–hydrogen bonds in methane molecules are highly stable, requiring higher reaction temperatures to achieve effective catalytic oxidation. However, metal oxide-based catalysts face the problem of easy sintering and the deactivation of active components at high temperatures, which is an important challenge that catalysts need to overcome in practical applications. In this work, a series of Mn-Co3O4 active components were grown in situ on ZSM-5 zeolite with mesoporous pore structures treated with an alkaline solution via a hydrothermal synthesis method. Due to the presence of polyethylene glycol as a structure-directing agent, manganese can be uniformly doped into the Co3O4 lattice. The large specific surface area of ZSM-5 zeolite allows the active component Mn-Co3O4 to be uniformly dispersed, effectively preventing the sintering and growth of active component particles during the catalytic reaction process. It is worth mentioning that the Mn-Co3O4/meso-ZSM-5-6.67 catalyst has a methane conversion rate of up to 90% at a space velocity of 36,000 mL·g−1·h−1 and a reaction temperature of 363 °C. This is mainly due to the mesoporous ZSM-5 carrier with a high specific surface area, which is conducive to the adsorption and mass transfer of reaction molecules. The active component has an abundance of oxygen vacancies, which is conducive to the activation of reaction molecules and enhances its catalytic activity, which is even higher than that of noble metal-based catalysts. The new ideas for the preparation of metal oxide-based low-temperature methane oxidation catalysts proposed in this work are expected to provide new solutions for low-temperature methane oxidation reactions and promote technological progress in related fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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16 pages, 3650 KiB  
Article
Promoter Effect on Carbon Nanosphere-Encapsulated Fe-Co Catalysts for Converting CO2 to Light Olefins
by Daniel Weber, Akash Gandotra, John Schossig, Heng Zhang, Michael Wildy, Wanying Wei, Kevin Arizapana, Jin Zhong Zhang, Ping Lu and Cheng Zhang
Catalysts 2023, 13(11), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13111416 - 4 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
For this work, we investigated the promotor effect (M = Na+, K+, Ce3+, Zn2+, Mn2+) on carbon nanosphere-encapsulated bimetallic Fe-Co core–shell catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, promising selectivity for converting CO2 to [...] Read more.
For this work, we investigated the promotor effect (M = Na+, K+, Ce3+, Zn2+, Mn2+) on carbon nanosphere-encapsulated bimetallic Fe-Co core–shell catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, promising selectivity for converting CO2 to light olefins. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized using a combination of experimental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC), and Raman spectroscopy, and our results reveal that the addition of the promotor M enhanced the formation of graphitic carbon and metal carbides in the promoted catalysts when compared with the unpromoted catalysts. The metal carbides were determined to be the active sites for the production of light olefins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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Review

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22 pages, 2578 KiB  
Review
Recent Advancements in Catalysts for Petroleum Refining
by Muhammad Saeed Akhtar, Sajid Ali and Wajid Zaman
Catalysts 2024, 14(12), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14120841 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 258
Abstract
In petroleum refining, catalysts are used to efficiently convert crude oil into valuable products such as fuels and petrochemicals. These catalysts are employed in a range of processes, including catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, and reforming to meet stringent fuel quality standards. This review explores [...] Read more.
In petroleum refining, catalysts are used to efficiently convert crude oil into valuable products such as fuels and petrochemicals. These catalysts are employed in a range of processes, including catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, and reforming to meet stringent fuel quality standards. This review explores recent advancements in refining catalysts, focusing on novel materials, enhanced synthesis methods, and their industrial applications. The development of nano-, hierarchically structured, and supported metal catalysts has led to significant improvements in catalyst selectivity, yield, and longevity. These innovations are particularly important for processes such as hydrocracking, fluid catalytic cracking, and catalytic reforming, where catalysts improve conversion rates, product quality, and environmental sustainability. Advances in synthesis techniques such as sol-gel processes, microwave-assisted synthesis, and atomic layer deposition have further optimized catalyst performance. Environmental considerations have also driven the development of catalysts that reduce harmful emissions, particularly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides while promoting green catalysis through the use of bio-based materials and recyclable catalysts. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in scaling novel materials for industrial use and integrating them with existing technologies. Future research should focus on the exploration of new catalytic materials, such as metal-organic frameworks and multi-functional catalysts, which promise to further revolutionize the refining industry. This review thus demonstrates the transformative potential of advanced catalysts in enhancing the efficiency and environmental sustainability of petroleum refining. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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39 pages, 3549 KiB  
Review
Zirconium Phosphates and Phosphonates: Applications in Catalysis
by Anna Donnadio, Monica Pica, Morena Nocchetti and Oriana Piermatti
Catalysts 2024, 14(10), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14100733 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 577
Abstract
This review covers recent advancements in the use of zirconium phosphates and phosphonates (ZrPs) as catalysts or catalyst supports for a variety of reactions, including biomass conversion, acid–base catalysis, hydrogenation, oxidation, and C-C coupling reactions, from 2015 to the present. The discussion emphasizes [...] Read more.
This review covers recent advancements in the use of zirconium phosphates and phosphonates (ZrPs) as catalysts or catalyst supports for a variety of reactions, including biomass conversion, acid–base catalysis, hydrogenation, oxidation, and C-C coupling reactions, from 2015 to the present. The discussion emphasizes the intrinsic catalytic properties of ZrPs, focusing on how surface acidity, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, textural properties, and particle morphology influence their catalytic performance across various reactions. Additionally, this review thoroughly examines the use of ZrPs as supports for catalytic species, ranging from organometallic complexes and metal ions to noble metals and metal oxide nanoparticles. In these applications, ZrPs not only enhance the dispersion and stabilization of active catalytic species but also facilitate their recovery and reuse due to their robust immobilization on the solid support. This dual functionality underscores the importance of ZrPs in promoting efficient, selective, and sustainable catalytic processes, making them essential to the advancement of green chemistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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40 pages, 4101 KiB  
Review
Properties, Industrial Applications and Future Perspectives of Catalytic Materials Based on Nickel and Alumina: A Critical Review
by Guido Busca, Elena Spennati, Paola Riani and Gabriella Garbarino
Catalysts 2024, 14(8), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14080552 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1537
Abstract
The bulk and surface properties of materials based on nickel and aluminum oxides and hydroxides, as such or after reduction processes, are reviewed and discussed critically. The actual and potential industrial applications of these materials, both in reducing conditions and in oxidizing conditions, [...] Read more.
The bulk and surface properties of materials based on nickel and aluminum oxides and hydroxides, as such or after reduction processes, are reviewed and discussed critically. The actual and potential industrial applications of these materials, both in reducing conditions and in oxidizing conditions, are summarized. Mechanisms for reactant molecule activation are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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19 pages, 1804 KiB  
Review
The Hydrogen Spillover Effect—A Misunderstanding Study II: Single Oxide and Zeolite Supports
by Mohammed M. Bettahar
Catalysts 2024, 14(7), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14070458 - 16 Jul 2024
Viewed by 967
Abstract
This investigation confirms that the existence of the hydrogen spillover effect (HSPE) in the case of metal catalysts supported on non-reducible monoxides or zeolites is based on a strong corpus of experimental studies, enlarging and deepening previous statements. The structure of hydrogen spillover [...] Read more.
This investigation confirms that the existence of the hydrogen spillover effect (HSPE) in the case of metal catalysts supported on non-reducible monoxides or zeolites is based on a strong corpus of experimental studies, enlarging and deepening previous statements. The structure of hydrogen spillover consists of H/OH pairs conjugated with Mm+/Op− pairs (p = 1 or 2). It is formed by dehydroxylation followed by OH/OH exchange or by the hydrogenation of conjugated pairs. Such a structure imposes the following chemical processes: (i) hydrogenations take place over OH Brönsted acid sites (BAS); (ii) they are excluded over Mm+/Op− Lewis acid sites (LASs), which are deactivating or dehydrogenating; (iii) surface diffusion of hydrogen spillover proceeds through the migration of H/H pairs from LASs to LASs; (iv) the diffusion rates are determined by the oxide supports’ basicity; and (v) H/D exchange is proof of the existence of hydrogen spillover. The nature of hydrogen spillover (radical/ionic) depends on the polarity of the H/OH pairs, which in turn, is determined by the basicity of the support. Our concept of conjugated active sites is a good descriptor of the reaction paths at the molecular level. The view of LASs bringing about additional activity to BAS is not pertinent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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28 pages, 1984 KiB  
Review
Diphenyl Carbonate: Recent Progress on Its Catalytic Synthesis by Transesterification
by Dong Wang, Feng Shi and Guochao Yang
Catalysts 2024, 14(4), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14040250 - 9 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2161
Abstract
Diphenyl carbonate is one of the raw materials used for the synthesis of polycarbonate, and its green and clean production is of great importance to the non-phosgene process for polycarbonate. The production of diphenyl carbonate by transesterification is its representative process route and [...] Read more.
Diphenyl carbonate is one of the raw materials used for the synthesis of polycarbonate, and its green and clean production is of great importance to the non-phosgene process for polycarbonate. The production of diphenyl carbonate by transesterification is its representative process route and is considered to be one of the typical examples of a green and sustainable process for chemicals. Since the discovery of the transesterification catalyst for diphenyl carbonate in the 1970s, researchers have been committed to improving its catalytic activity and selectivity and, correspondingly, the reaction engineering process. However, thermodynamic limitations, low activity, low selectivity, and limited stability have been bottlenecks that the transesterification catalyst has not been able to completely overcome, and the improvement of the catalyst is still ongoing. Therefore, this review takes the transesterification reaction of dimethyl carbonate and phenol as a model reaction and, based on a review of the progress in catalyst research on catalytic reaction processes, tries to clarify the structure–activity relationship between catalytic active sites and catalytic performance in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes and provides an overview of the progress in catalyst synthesis and modification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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30 pages, 5413 KiB  
Review
Hydroisomerization Catalysts for High-Quality Diesel Fuel Production
by Yamen Aljajan, Valentin Stytsenko, Maria Rubtsova and Aleksandr Glotov
Catalysts 2023, 13(10), 1363; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13101363 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3444
Abstract
Upgrading the properties of diesel fractions is considered one of the crucial processes in the petrochemical industry; and for this purpose in laboratory-scale researching it is studied on the base of the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane as a main model reaction. Recently, zeolite-based bifunctional [...] Read more.
Upgrading the properties of diesel fractions is considered one of the crucial processes in the petrochemical industry; and for this purpose in laboratory-scale researching it is studied on the base of the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane as a main model reaction. Recently, zeolite-based bifunctional catalysts have proven their efficiency due to their remarkable acidity, shape-selectivity and relative resistance to deactivation. In this review, different topological-type zeolite-based catalysts, the mechanism of their catalytic effect in n-C16 isomerization, and the principles of shape-selectivity are reviewed. A comparison of their structural-operational characteristics is made. The impact of some feedstock impurities on the catalyst’s performance and deactivation due to carbonaceous deposits as well as various modern eco-friendly cost-effective synthesis techniques are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section)
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