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Catalysts
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Reactions in Water and in Micelles
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Reactions in Water and in Micelles

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalytic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2018) | Viewed by 19470

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Scarso

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
Interests: supramolecular catalysis; supramolecular chemistry; reactions in water; micelles; aggregation phenomena; supramolecular capsules; recognition phenomena; bisphosphonate synthesis; drug synthesis; homogeneous catalysis; oxidation reactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organic synthesis and catalysis are, nowadays, strongly tied to green chemistry and proper solvent selection is one of the first decision to ensure a low impact of a chemical transformation. Water as solvent has been selected by nature to carry out all kind of reactions. Water as a solvent is characterized by a very large number of advantages, such as low cost, it is non-toxic, non-flammable, it does not contribute to greenhouse emissions, it does not require synthesis and has a low E factor; it is the green solvent par excellence. New concepts like "in water" catalysis when the system is homogeneous to "on water" catalysis when the reaction is catalyzed by simple mixing the reactants with water under heterogeneous conditions and micellar catalysis in particular are all aspects that contributes to make water a true green solvent. 

In this Special Issue, I would like to highlight manuscripts focusing on all aspects of reactivity in water as solvent. The poor solubility of organic species in water that often represents a limitation, can be exploited favorably in terms of the potentialities offered by the hydrophobic effect with positive consequences on activity and selectivity of chemical transformations. I strongly encourage colleagues to submit their contributions dealing with reactivity in water and in micelles because I think that this Special Issue will strongly contribute to the progress in this research field and will play a key role in shaping the opinion of colleagues that are still "water skeptic". Last, but not least, a deeper understanding of reactivity in water will spur the understanding of reactivity in biological systems. 

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Scarso
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Water

  • Hydrophobic effect

  • Green solvent

  • Micelles

  • Selectivity

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 6234 KiB  
Article
Dehydrogenative Transformation of Alcoholic Substrates in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex Having a Functional Ligand with α-Hydroxypyridine and 4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl Moieties
by Masato Yoshida, Han Wang, Takuya Shimbayashi and Ken-ichi Fujita
Catalysts 2018, 8(8), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8080312 - 31 Jul 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3780
Abstract
A new catalytic system that employs water as an environmentally friendly solvent for the dehydrogenative oxidation of alcohols and lactonization of diols has been developed. In this catalytic system, a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex having a functional ligand that comprises α-hydroxypyridine and 4,5-dihydro-1 [...] Read more.
A new catalytic system that employs water as an environmentally friendly solvent for the dehydrogenative oxidation of alcohols and lactonization of diols has been developed. In this catalytic system, a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex having a functional ligand that comprises α-hydroxypyridine and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl moieties exhibits high catalytic performance. For example, the catalytic dehydrogenative oxidation of 1-phenylethanol in the presence of 0.25 mol % of the iridium catalyst and base under reflux in water proceeded to give acetophenone in 92% yield. Additionally, under similar reaction conditions, the iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenative lactonization of 1,2-benzenedimethanol gave phthalide in 98% yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactions in Water and in Micelles)
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15 pages, 1682 KiB  
Article
Optimization and in Silico Analysis of a Cold-Adapted Lipase from an Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. Strain AMS8 Reaction in Triton X-100 Reverse Micelles
by Fatin Nur Fauzi Ana Abd. Jalil, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman, Abu Bakar Salleh and Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
Catalysts 2018, 8(7), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8070289 - 18 Jul 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4833
Abstract
A moderate yield of a purified enzyme can be achieved by using the simple technique of reverse micellar extraction (RME). RME is a liquid–liquid extraction method that uses a surfactant and an organic solvent to extract biomolecules. Instead of traditional chromatographic purification methods, [...] Read more.
A moderate yield of a purified enzyme can be achieved by using the simple technique of reverse micellar extraction (RME). RME is a liquid–liquid extraction method that uses a surfactant and an organic solvent to extract biomolecules. Instead of traditional chromatographic purification methods, which are tedious and expensive, RME using the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and toluene is used as an alternative purification technique to purify a recombinant cold-adapted lipase, AMS8. Various process parameters were optimized to maximize the activity recovery of the AMS8 lipase. The optimal conditions were found to be 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7, 0.125 M NaCl, and 0.07 M Triton X-100 in toluene at 10 °C. Approximately 56% of the lipase activity was successfully recovered. Structural analysis of the lipase in a reverse micelle (RM) was performed using an in silico approach. The predicted model of AMS8 lipase was simulated in the Triton X-100/toluene reverse micelles from 5 to 40 °C. The lid 2 was slightly opened at 10 °C. However, the secondary structure of AMS8 was most affected in the non-catalytic domain compared to the catalytic domain, with an increased coil conformation. These results suggest that an AMS8 lipase can be extracted using Triton X-100/water/toluene micelles at low temperature. This RME approach will be an important tool for the downstream processing of recombinant cold-adapted lipases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactions in Water and in Micelles)
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12 pages, 1656 KiB  
Article
Isolation, Characterization, and Environmental Application of Bio-Based Materials as Auxiliaries in Photocatalytic Processes
by Davide Palma, Alessandra Bianco Prevot, Luisella Celi, Maria Martin, Debora Fabbri, Giuliana Magnacca, Michele R. Chierotti and Roberto Nisticò
Catalysts 2018, 8(5), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8050197 - 8 May 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4322
Abstract
Sustainable alternative substrates for advanced applications represent an increasing field of research that attracts the attention of worldwide experts (in accordance with green chemistry principles). In this context, bio-based substances (BBS) isolated from urban composted biowaste were purified and characterized. Additionally, these materials [...] Read more.
Sustainable alternative substrates for advanced applications represent an increasing field of research that attracts the attention of worldwide experts (in accordance with green chemistry principles). In this context, bio-based substances (BBS) isolated from urban composted biowaste were purified and characterized. Additionally, these materials were tested as auxiliaries in advanced oxidizing photocatalytic processes for the abatement of organic contaminants in aqueous medium. Results highlighted the capability of these substances to enhance efficiency in water remediation treatments under mild conditions, favoring the entire light-driven photocatalytic process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactions in Water and in Micelles)
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10 pages, 2039 KiB  
Communication
A New Mn–Salen Micellar Nanoreactor for Enantioselective Epoxidation of Alkenes in Water
by Francesco P. Ballistreri, Rosa Maria Toscano, Maria Emanuela Amato, Andrea Pappalardo, Chiara M. A. Gangemi, Sofia Spidalieri, Roberta Puglisi and Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
Catalysts 2018, 8(4), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8040129 - 25 Mar 2018
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5859
Abstract
A new chiral Mn–salen catalyst, functionalized with a long aliphatic chain and a choline group, able to act as surfactant catalyst for green epoxidation in water, is here described. This catalyst was employed with a commercial surfactant (CTABr) leading to a nanoreactor for [...] Read more.
A new chiral Mn–salen catalyst, functionalized with a long aliphatic chain and a choline group, able to act as surfactant catalyst for green epoxidation in water, is here described. This catalyst was employed with a commercial surfactant (CTABr) leading to a nanoreactor for the enantioselective epoxidation of some selected alkenes in water, using NaClO as oxidant. This is the first example of a nanoreactor for enantioselective epoxidation of non-functionalized alkenes in water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactions in Water and in Micelles)
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