Chemometrics Tools Used in Chemical Detection and Analysis

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Methods, Instrumentation and Miniaturization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 4143

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COPELABS—Computação e Cognição Centrada nas Pessoas, Faculty of Engineering, Lusófona University, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: bioactive compounds; anticancer; nanotechnology; nanomedicine; phytocompounds
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemometrics is defined as the application of statistical and mathematical methods to analytical data to permit the maximum collection and extraction of useful information. According to the area of study, chemometrics can be divided into several areas, namely, the processing of analytical signals, the planning and optimization of experiments, pattern recognition and data classification, multivariate calibration, artificial intelligence methods, among others. This tool allows for the better extraction and knowledge of chemical or biochemical systems by obtaining specific information that would otherwise be more complex and time consuming or wrongly interpreted. The utility of chemometric techniques as tools enabling the multidimensional calibration of selected spectroscopic, electrochemical, and chromatographic methods is demonstrated. The uses of this approach, mainly for the interpretation of UV–Vis, near-IR (NIR), or mid-IR (MIR) spectra, as well as for data obtained with other instrumental methods, make identification and the quantitative analysis of active substances in complex mixtures possible. This special Issue aims to share knowledge and experiences in relation to the use and exploration of different and multifaceted chemometric techniques in areas such as chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, food, beverages, etc. I, therefore, wish to invite all those interested in publishing their research work or reviews in this Special Issue addressing the most diverse areas of chemometrics.

Dr. Pedro N. Sousa Sampaio
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • chemometrics
  • machine learning
  • data mining
  • multivariate data analysis
  • optimization

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 10155 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Argan Oil (Argania spinosa L.) Adulterated with Avocado, Flaxseed, Walnut, and Pumpkin Oils Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Advanced Chemometric and Machine Learning Techniques
by Linda Gjonaj, Oliver B. Generalao, Arnold Alguno, Roberto Malaluan, Arnold Lubguban and Gerard G. Dumancas
Chemosensors 2025, 13(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13020037 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
The increasing trend in the popularity of argan oil (AGO), a multi-beneficial health and cosmetic product, can leave it prone to adulteration. The overall goal of this study was to utilize an attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic and chemometric methods, including partial [...] Read more.
The increasing trend in the popularity of argan oil (AGO), a multi-beneficial health and cosmetic product, can leave it prone to adulteration. The overall goal of this study was to utilize an attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic and chemometric methods, including partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR), and artificial neural network (ANN) for the authentication of AGO in the presence of other oil adulterants, avocado oil (AVO), pumpkin seed oil (PSO), flaxseed oil (FSO), and walnut seed oil (WNO). All three chemometrics methods were able to effectively quantify the FSO adulterant concentration across all statistical models, with the most optimal results in the ANN model as applied in the testing set data (RMSEP = 1.454 %v/v, R2 = 0.821). Comparable results were also obtained for PLS (RMSEP = 1.727 %v/v, R2 = 0.807) and PCR (RMSEP = 1.731 %v/v, R2 = 0.846). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemometrics Tools Used in Chemical Detection and Analysis)
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15 pages, 1282 KiB  
Article
Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Conformity Analysis of e-Liquids: Illegal Additive Detection and Nicotine Characterization
by Zeb Akhtar, Sophia Barhdadi, Kris De Braekeleer, Cedric Delporte, Erwin Adams and Eric Deconinck
Chemosensors 2024, 12(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12010009 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2582
Abstract
Vaping electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has become a popular alternative to smoking tobacco. When an e-cigarette is activated, a liquid is vaporized by heating, producing an aerosol that users inhale. While e-cigarettes are marketed as less harmful than traditional cigarettes, there are ongoing concerns [...] Read more.
Vaping electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has become a popular alternative to smoking tobacco. When an e-cigarette is activated, a liquid is vaporized by heating, producing an aerosol that users inhale. While e-cigarettes are marketed as less harmful than traditional cigarettes, there are ongoing concerns about their long-term health effects, including potential lung damage. Therefore, it is essential to closely monitor and study the composition of e-liquids. E-liquids typically consist of propylene glycol, glycerin, flavorings and nicotine, though there have been reports of non-compliant nicotine concentrations and the presence of illegal additives. This study explored spectroscopic techniques to examine the conformity of nicotine labeling and detect the presence of the not-allowed additives: the caffeine, taurine, vitamin E and cannabidiol (CBD) in e-liquids. A total of 236 e-liquid samples were carefully selected for analysis. Chemometric analysis was applied to the collected data, which included mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Supervised modeling approaches such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were employed to classify the samples, based on the presence of nicotine and the targeted additives. This study demonstrates the efficacy of MIR and NIR spectroscopic techniques in conjunction with chemometric methods (SIMCA and PLS-DA) for detecting specific molecules in e-liquids. MIR with autoscaling data preprocessing and PLS-DA achieved 100% classification rates for CBD and vitamin E, while NIR with the same approach achieved 100% for CBD and taurine. Overall, MIR combined with PLS-DA yielded the best classification across all targeted molecules, suggesting its preference as a singular technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemometrics Tools Used in Chemical Detection and Analysis)
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