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Pediatric Upper Extremity Pathology
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Pediatric Upper Extremity Pathology

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Orthopedics & Sports Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 2888

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Christiaan J. A. van Bergen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia, P.O. Box 90150, 4800 RK Breda, The Netherlands
2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center – Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: pediatric orthopedics; fractures; trauma; cartilage; sports
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joost W. Colaris

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: pediatric orthopedics; fractures; trauma; cartilage; sports
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The arm is paramount for nearly all activities of daily living, ranging from reaching for a glass of water to swinging a bat on the baseball field. Therefore, pediatric upper extremity pathology can cause serious disability. The upper limb, including the clavicle, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand, can be affected by many disorders; fractures, post-traumatic lesions, sports injuries, congenital anomalies, tumors, and neuromuscular diseases like cerebral palsy and obstetric brachial plexus palsy greatly affect our young population.

While proper initial treatment holds promise for these children, the threat of long-term sequelae remains daunting. Despite advancements, knowledge gaps persist, rendering this field an underexplored territory.

In response, we request contributions for this Special Issue dedicated to pediatric upper extremity pathology. Let us combine our expertise, share insights, and pave the way for better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment in this critical area of pediatric orthopedics. Together, we can make significant strides in improving the lives of young patients.

Dr. Christiaan J. A. van Bergen
Dr. Joost W. Colaris
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • upper limb
  • shoulder
  • humerus
  • elbow
  • forearm
  • wrist
  • hand

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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11 pages, 363 KiB  
Article
Child Amputee Prosthetics Project—Prosthesis Satisfaction Inventory (CAPP-PSI): Validation of Italian Version in Children with Upper Limb Amputation
by Luigino Santecchia, Gessica Della Bella, Francesca Caspi, Paola Luttazi, Lorenzo Pochiero, Fabrizio Taffoni, Giordana Mariani, Marco Gaudenzi, Donatella Valente and Marco Tofani
Children 2025, 12(2), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12020130 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 574
Abstract
Background: The Child Amputee Prosthetics Project—Prosthesis Satisfaction Inventory (CAPP-PSI) is a comprehensive instrument designed to measure satisfaction across functionality, aesthetic, and service domains. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the CAPP-PSI in an Italian pediatric population. [...] Read more.
Background: The Child Amputee Prosthetics Project—Prosthesis Satisfaction Inventory (CAPP-PSI) is a comprehensive instrument designed to measure satisfaction across functionality, aesthetic, and service domains. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the CAPP-PSI in an Italian pediatric population. Methods: Following international guidelines, the CAPP-PSI was translated and culturally adapted. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, while test–retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Construct validity was measured by analyzing correlations among subscales. Results: A total of 113 children with congenital or acquired upper limb amputation, accompanied by their parents, were recruited from the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital in Rome. The Italian CAPP-PSI demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.913) and strong test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.966). Subscale correlations showed strong relationships between child and parent satisfaction (r = 0.724, p < 0.01) and parent satisfaction with service (r = 0.612, p < 0.01), while moderate correlations were observed between child satisfaction and service (r = 0.434, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The Italian version of the CAPP-PSI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing prosthetic satisfaction in pediatric populations. It provides valuable insights for clinicians and researchers, supporting patient-centered care and targeted improvements in prosthetic design and services. Future studies should explore longitudinal outcomes and the role of psychosocial factors in prosthetic acceptance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Upper Extremity Pathology)
9 pages, 911 KiB  
Article
The Development of the Radial Bow in Children: Normative Values
by Samara F. Kass, Julia L. Conroy, Alisa Forsberg, Rebecca S. Li, Catherine C. May, Natasha S. McKibben, Julio J. Jauregui, Raymond W. Lui and Joshua M. Abzug
Children 2025, 12(1), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010101 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 411
Abstract
Background: Radial bowing is necessary for forearm rotation. Fractures or deformities of the forearm that affect the radial bow may disrupt normal forearm rotation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development and establish normative values for the pediatric and [...] Read more.
Background: Radial bowing is necessary for forearm rotation. Fractures or deformities of the forearm that affect the radial bow may disrupt normal forearm rotation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development and establish normative values for the pediatric and adolescent radial bow. Methods: A retrospective review of radiographs from children aged 0–17 years with no previous history of an upper extremity fracture or condition was performed. Patient demographics, maximal radial bow location, and depth were recorded in millimeters and as percentages of the total radial length. The proximal, middle, and distal third radial bows were measured. Means and standard deviations were utilized to establish average measurements by age group. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed the relationship between radial bowing and age. Results: A total of 505 forearm radiographs were measured. The average age of the patients was 10.0 years (SD: 5.2). The maximal radial bow location remained consistent with age, with a mean value of 61.7%. The maximal radial bow depth marginally decreased with age, with a mean value of 7.7%. The proximal, middle, and distal third maximal radial bows (measured in millimeters) increased with age. Conclusions: The maximal radial bow depth marginally decreases with increasing age, while the location of the maximal radial bow remains consistent as age increases. These measurements may be used to assess fracture reduction to ensure proper restoration of the radial bow during fracture and congenital condition treatment. Furthermore, they can aid in the detection of subtle fractures of the radius, including plastic deformations and greenstick fractures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Upper Extremity Pathology)
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15 pages, 5412 KiB  
Article
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Children Undergoing the Modified Green Procedure for Treating Sprengel’s Deformity: Results from a Multicentric Study
by Giovanni Trisolino, Paola Zarantonello, Marco Todisco, Giovanni Luigi Di Gennaro, Grazia Chiara Menozzi, Philipp Scheider, Alessandro Depaoli, Diego Antonioli, Gino Rocca and Sebastian Farr
Children 2025, 12(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010018 - 26 Dec 2024
Viewed by 514
Abstract
Background: Sprengel’s Deformity (SD) is a rare condition of the shoulder girdle, appearing as the principal congenital anomaly of the shoulder in paediatric patients. The aim of this study is to document the combined experience of two paediatric orthopaedic departments in managing SD [...] Read more.
Background: Sprengel’s Deformity (SD) is a rare condition of the shoulder girdle, appearing as the principal congenital anomaly of the shoulder in paediatric patients. The aim of this study is to document the combined experience of two paediatric orthopaedic departments in managing SD using the modified Green Procedure, with a specific emphasis on the clinical and functional outcomes reported by patients; Methods: from June 2010 to February 2023, 42 shoulders in 40 paediatric patients were surgically treated for SD at two paediatric orthopaedic departments. All patients were treated using the modified Green Procedure with or without clavicle osteotomy. To better evaluate the deformity, the Cavendish’s classification for aesthetic appearance and the Rigault’s classification for radiological aspect were used, while movements of abduction and flexion were quantified to assess shoulder mobility. Several dedicated questionnaires such as QuickDASH, the Shoulder Pain Index and the Shoulder Disability Index (SPADI) and finally the UCLA Shoulder Scale were submitted to assess the quality of life of the subjects and the ability to practice certain activities, including work and sports. Complications were evaluated according to the modified Clavien–Dindo–Sink classification; Results: The mean follow-up was 5 years (range, 1.0–13.6). Clavicular osteotomy, performed in 15 patients, improved post-operative abduction by a mean of 25° (95% CI: 11–39°; p = 0.001). Three patients had complications (7.1%), with two requiring re-operation. At follow-up, 67.5% of patients had a qDASH score < 7, highlighting excellent functional outcomes. Shoulder function showed moderate correlation with pre- and post-operative flexion. The SPADI and UCLASS scores indicated significant improvement, with 70.0% reporting high satisfaction. Factors like sex, associated anomalies, and surgical technique did not impact patient-reported outcomes or satisfaction; Conclusions: The modified Green’s technique has proven to be a safe procedure with a low rate of complications and satisfactory clinical and functional patient-reported outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Upper Extremity Pathology)
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9 pages, 2710 KiB  
Case Report
Isolated Radial Nerve Palsy in a Newborn Due to a Congenital Myofibroma: A Rare Case of Peripheral Nerve Injury
by Serena Chiellino, Viola Fortini, Chiara Castellani and Pierluigi Vasarri
Children 2024, 11(9), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091126 - 15 Sep 2024
Viewed by 956
Abstract
Isolated musculoskeletal infantile myofibroma is a rare tumor of pediatric age. The majority of cases are seen in children under two years old, but it can occur at any age as a painless enlarging mass that involves bone, skin, or soft tissue, typically [...] Read more.
Isolated musculoskeletal infantile myofibroma is a rare tumor of pediatric age. The majority of cases are seen in children under two years old, but it can occur at any age as a painless enlarging mass that involves bone, skin, or soft tissue, typically accompanied by compression symptoms. Perineural involvement is extremely rare in myofibromas. Neurological impairment can occur during infancy but isolated nerve palsy, particularly in peripheral nerves within the upper extremity, is very uncommon. Neonatal radial nerve palsy is a rare entity caused by different conditions. Among these, we mention local tumors affecting peripheral nerves, such as myofibroma. There are few cases described in the literature, which mainly concern adult patients. The authors present a case of congenital isolated radial nerve palsy in a newborn with MF of the right elbow, which resulted in impairment of the wrist and finger extension. Following a six-month monitoring period, the patient underwent surgical treatment to restore function to his right wrist and hand. This involved excising the infiltrated radial nerve segment associated with palliative surgery. Despite the benignity of this lesion, severe nerve damage and perineural involvement may require surgical treatment with nerve resection and reconstruction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Upper Extremity Pathology)
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