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Children
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Sleep Disorders in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Sleep Disorders in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 14431

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Filardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
2. Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”–A.O. Pia Fond “Card. G. Panico” Hospital, 73039 Tricase, Italy
Interests: sleep disorders; central disorders of hypersomnolence; sleep and cognition; sleep in neurodegenerative disorders; actigraphy; physical activity; neurocognitive processes; pediatric sleep research
Prof. Dr. Lino Nobili

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16128 Genova, Italy
2. Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
Interests: sleep medicine; sleep and epilepsy; epilepsy surgery; pediatric sleep medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Oliviero Bruni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: sleep disorders in children; electroencephalogram and Cyclic Alternating Pattern in children; sleep patterns in mental retardation; learning disabilities and dyslexia; sleep and cognition in learning impaired children

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The last decades saw a growing interest in the study of sleep in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The amount of scientific publications on sleep disorders in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorders, and intellectual disabilities has increased dramatically over the past years, reflecting the growing awareness that children with NNDs may frequently have sleep problems.

Nonetheless, this research field is still in its infancy, and the complex relationship between sleep alteration and neurodevelopment disorders is far from being fully understood. For example, while it is well known that some symptoms and behaviours of children with NDDs tend to change as the child grows, whether this is true also for sleep disturbances is yet to be investigated.

Likewise, the mechanisms by which sleep disturbances contribute to behavioural symptoms and neurocognitive deficits remain unclear.

This Special Issue will focus on sleep disturbances in children with NDDs by exploring the bidirectional relationship between sleep and neurodevelopmental disorders and the consequences of sleep alterations on children’s daytime functioning and overall health.

Three main research topics will be addressed in this Special Issue: 1) the prevalence and characteristics of sleep disorders in specific NDDs, 2) the relationship between behavioural and neurocognitive impairments and sleep alterations, and 3) the longitudinal course of sleep abnormalities in neurodevelopment disorders.

We welcome studies that investigate sleep by means of both objective (video-PSG, actigraphy) and subjective approaches, as well as studies that investigate neurocognitive and behavioural symptoms with respect to sleep alterations.

The management of patients with neurodevelopment disorders can be difficult and is strongly based on a multidisciplinary approach; therefore, with this Special Issue, we aim to provide physicians that are not experts in sleep disorders the knowledge necessary to increase the recognition and improve the management of sleep disorders in children with NDD.

Dr. Marco Filardi
Prof. Dr. Lino Nobili
Prof. Dr. Oliviero Bruni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sleep quality
  • neurodevelopment disorders
  • daytime dysfunction
  • cognition
  • polysomnography
  • actigraphy
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • autism spectrum disorders
  • developmental coordination disorders
  • intellectual disabilities

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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22 pages, 381 KiB  
Article
Night Sleep and Parental Bedtime Practices in Low-Risk Preterm and Full-Term Late Talkers
by Alessandra Sansavini, Martina Riva, Mariagrazia Zuccarini, Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia, Anat Scher and Annalisa Guarini
Children 2022, 9(12), 1813; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121813 - 24 Nov 2022
Viewed by 2321
Abstract
Night sleep and parental bedtime practices have rarely been investigated in late talkers. This study aimed to explore: night sleep, parental bedtime practices, and their associations in late talkers as well as individual, socio-demographic, and socio-relational factors affecting them. Parents of 47 30-month-old [...] Read more.
Night sleep and parental bedtime practices have rarely been investigated in late talkers. This study aimed to explore: night sleep, parental bedtime practices, and their associations in late talkers as well as individual, socio-demographic, and socio-relational factors affecting them. Parents of 47 30-month-old late talkers, born low-risk preterm (n = 24) or full-term (n = 23), with an expressive vocabulary size ≤10th percentile measured by the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory Words and Sentences, and normal cognitive abilities measured by the Bayley Scales, completed the Infant Sleep Questionnaire, the Parental Interactive Bedtime Behaviour Scale, and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form. Results showed slight settling difficulties, night wakings, and frequent co-sleeping in late talkers. Encouraging autonomy practices were frequently used by parents, rather than active physical comforting ones. Recurrent settling difficulties were reported by parents who often applied encouraging autonomy practices, whereas greater night waking problems and frequent co-sleeping were reported by parents who often left their child crying. Low-risk preterm birth and mother’s parenting stress predicted total sleep difficulties and night wakings; first-born, high maternal education level and mother’s parenting stress predicted settling difficulties; mother’s parenting stress was the only predictor for co-sleeping and leaving to cry. These findings have relevant implications for improving late talkers’ night sleep and their parents’ bedtime practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Disorders in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
10 pages, 729 KiB  
Article
Neurobehavioral Associations with NREM and REM Sleep Architecture in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
by Jennifer Nguyen, Bo Zhang, Ellen Hanson, Dimitrios Mylonas and Kiran Maski
Children 2022, 9(9), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091322 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Objective: Insomnia and daytime behavioral problems are common issues in pediatric autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet specific underlying relationships with NonRapid Eye Movement sleep (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep architecture are understudied. We hypothesize that REM sleep alterations (REM%, REM EEG [...] Read more.
Objective: Insomnia and daytime behavioral problems are common issues in pediatric autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet specific underlying relationships with NonRapid Eye Movement sleep (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep architecture are understudied. We hypothesize that REM sleep alterations (REM%, REM EEG power) are associated with more internalizing behaviors and NREM sleep deficits (N3%; slow wave activity (SWA) 0.5–3 Hz EEG power) are associated with increased externalizing behaviors in children with ASD vs. typical developing controls (TD). Methods: In an age- and gender-matched pediatric cohort of n = 23 ASD and n = 20 TD participants, we collected macro/micro sleep architecture with overnight home polysomnogram and daytime behavior scores with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores. Results: Controlling for non-verbal IQ and medication use, ASD and TD children have similar REM and NREM sleep architecture. Only ASD children show positive relationships between REM%, REM theta power and REM beta power with internalizing scores. Only TD participants showed an inverse relationship between NREM SWA and externalizing scores. Conclusion: REM sleep measures reflect concerning internalizing behaviours in ASD and could serve as a biomarker for mood disorders in this population. While improving deep sleep may help externalizing behaviours in TD, we do not find evidence of this relationship in ASD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Disorders in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
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9 pages, 624 KiB  
Article
Progression of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Pediatric Patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome
by Shi-Bing Wong, Mei-Chen Yang, I-Shiang Tzeng, Wen-Hsin Tsai, Chou-Chin Lan and Li-Ping Tsai
Children 2022, 9(6), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060912 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2714
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) and causes significant consequences. This observational study was conducted to investigate the progression of OSAS in pediatric patients with PWS, who had not undergone upper [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) and causes significant consequences. This observational study was conducted to investigate the progression of OSAS in pediatric patients with PWS, who had not undergone upper airway surgery, through a longitudinal follow-up of their annual polysomnography results. Annual body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, sleep efficiency and stages, central apnea index (CAI), obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (OAHI), and oxygen saturation nadir values were longitudinally analyzed. At enrollment, of 22 patients (10 boys and 12 girls) aged 11.7 ± 3.9 years, 20 had OSAS. During the 4-year follow-up, only two patients had a spontaneous resolution of OSAS. The average BMI and BMI z-score increased gradually, but CAI and OAHI showed no significant differences. After statistical adjustment for sex, age, genotype, growth hormone use, and BMI z-score, OAHI was associated with the BMI z-score and deletion genotype. In conclusion, OSAS is common in patients with PWS, and rarely resolved spontaneously. Watchful waiting may not be the best OSAS management strategy. Weight maintenance and careful selection of surgical candidates are important for OSAS treatment in patients with PWS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Disorders in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
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17 pages, 2319 KiB  
Article
Sleep Power Topography in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
by Anna Castelnovo, Althea Lividini, Giulio Bernardi, Valdo Pezzoli, Giuseppe Foderaro, Gian Paolo Ramelli, Mauro Manconi and Silvia Miano
Children 2022, 9(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020197 - 3 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5742
Abstract
Objective: Recent years saw an increasing interest towards sleep microstructure abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the existing literature on sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) power in ADHD is still controversial, often based on single electrode recordings, and mainly focused on slow wave activity (SWA) [...] Read more.
Objective: Recent years saw an increasing interest towards sleep microstructure abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the existing literature on sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) power in ADHD is still controversial, often based on single electrode recordings, and mainly focused on slow wave activity (SWA) during NREM sleep. This study aimed to systematically investigate sleep power topography in all traditional frequency bands, in all sleep stages and across sleep cycles using high-density EEG (HD-EEG). Method: Thirty drug-naïve children with ADHD (10.5 ± 2.1 years, 21 male) and 23 typically developing (TD) control participants (mean age: 10.2 ± 1.6 years, 13 male) were included in the current analysis. Signal power topography was computed in classical frequency bands during sleep, contrasted between groups and sleep cycles, and correlated with measures of ADHD severity, cognitive functioning and estimated total sleep time. Results: Compared to TD subjects, patients with ADHD consistently displayed a widespread increase in low-frequency activity (between 3 and 10 Hz) during NREM sleep, but not during REM sleep and wake before sleep onset. Such a difference involved a wide centro-posterior cluster of channels in the upper SWA range, in Theta, and low-Alpha. Between-group difference was maximal in sleep stage N3 in the first sleep cycle, and positively correlated with average total sleep time. Conclusions: These results support the concept that children with ADHD, compared to TD peers, have a higher sleep pressure and altered sleep homeostasis, which possibly interfere with (and delay) cortical maturation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Disorders in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
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