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Condensed Matter
Special Issues
Electronic Materials and Devices 2021
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Electronic Materials and Devices 2021

A special issue of Condensed Matter (ISSN 2410-3896). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics of Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2022) | Viewed by 22292

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Srikanth Itapu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Alliance University, Bengaluru 562106, India
Interests: laser micro- and nano-structuring; magnetic semiconductor materials; ReRAM materials and devices; ferromagnetic heterostructures; microwave and RF systems
Dr. Daniel Georgiev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
Interests: laser modification and micro-structuring of materials; thin films of semiconducting oxides and nitrides; vacuum microelectronics; glassy materials and their applications; nanomaterials and nanofabrication; metal whiskers; materials for photovoltaics; materials and devices for biomedical applications
Dr. Vamsi Borra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Rayen School of Engineering, College of STEM, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
Interests: electron microscopy; electronic materials; laser micro- and nano-structuring; material characterization; semiconducting metal oxides; semiconductors; surface plasmon polariton; thin films; whisker growth and suppression; flexible electronics, aerosol jet printing, 3D electronics, flexible antennas whiskers; electronics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,  

Electronic materials are quintessential in building cutting-edge semiconductor-based components for applications in advanced memory devices, high-performance computing processors, energy harvesting, etc. Changing dimensions and level of functionality requires continuous efforts to develop state-of-the-art materials to meet the technological challenges associated with the development of such devices. This Special Issue is dedicated to thin film metal oxide semiconductors for ubiquitous applications, including memristors, ReRAMs, biosensing, etc.  

The electronic properties of a material are governed by the response of subatomic particles and other charged entities to external stimuli, such as applied electric/magnetic fields, incident electromagnetic radiation, localized heat, mechanical forces, etc. The response to these stimuli is strongly correlated with the internal structure of material at different length scales, chemical compositions, both intrinsic and extrinsic defects, as well as dimensionalities of the material. This issue is open to submissions catering to both experimental and computational analyses.  

Dr. Srikanth Itapu
Dr. Daniel Georgiev
Dr. Vamsi Borra
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Condensed Matter is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • resistive RAM
  • energy harvesting
  • organic electronics
  • thin-film-based sensors
  • external radiation effects on materials and devices
  • materials for IoT
  • 1D/2D materials
  • density functional theory of novel materials

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 8539 KiB  
Article
Microstructural Analysis of Terbium Doped Zirconia and Its Biological Studies
by Suganthan Veerachamy and Sivakumar Rajagopal
Condens. Matter 2022, 7(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat7010020 - 3 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2459
Abstract
Zirconia has its place in the biomedical industry because of its mechanical strength, bio-inertness, and physiochemical properties. Zirconia was synthesized and doped with Terbium (Tb), a lanthanide that was reported to show a photoluminescence property, which was a major characteristic for carcinogenic studies. [...] Read more.
Zirconia has its place in the biomedical industry because of its mechanical strength, bio-inertness, and physiochemical properties. Zirconia was synthesized and doped with Terbium (Tb), a lanthanide that was reported to show a photoluminescence property, which was a major characteristic for carcinogenic studies. Zirconia and Tb doped Zirconia were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique and were sintered at a temperature ranging from 900 to 1200 °C. The Zirconia sample and Tb doped Zirconia were thus studied for structural diversities using the X-ray powder diffraction technique (XRD), FTIR, FE-SEM, and TEM. From XRD, Zirconia phase transformation from monoclinic to tetragonal phase was observed, which signified limited fracture, elasticity, and crack formation. It was evident that Terbium stabilized the tetragonal phase of Zirconia, which reportedly shows mechanical properties, which include fracture toughness and flexural strength. The particle size of the Zirconia was comparatively more than the Tb doped Zirconia. The particle size of Zirconia ranged between 176 nm and 393 nm and the particle size of Tb doped Zirconia ranged between 110 nm and 343 nm. The biocompatibility of both the samples was tested using an Mg-63 cell line, and the cell viability was observed to be higher in Tb doped Zirconia when compared to the undoped Zirconia sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Materials and Devices 2021)
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10 pages, 28120 KiB  
Article
Tin Whisker Growth Suppression Using NiO Sublayers Fabricated by Dip Coating
by Jacob D. Buchanan, Vamsi Borra, Md Maidul Islam, Daniel G. Georgiev and Srikanth Itapu
Condens. Matter 2022, 7(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat7010007 - 6 Jan 2022
Viewed by 2623
Abstract
Whiskers are small crystalline growths, which can grow from certain metals or alloys. Reaching up to several millimeters long, whiskers have the potential to cause device failures due to short circuits and contamination by debris. Tin (Sn) is one such metal that is [...] Read more.
Whiskers are small crystalline growths, which can grow from certain metals or alloys. Reaching up to several millimeters long, whiskers have the potential to cause device failures due to short circuits and contamination by debris. Tin (Sn) is one such metal that is particularly prone to whisker development. Until the 2006 RoHS Initiative, lead (Pb) was added to tin in small amounts (up to 2%) to greatly reduce the growth of whiskers. Since then, however, industry has switched to lead-free tin solders and coatings, and the issue of whisker growth on tin has attracted new interest. A reactive-sputtering-deposited nickel oxide sublayer was shown recently to strongly suppress the growth of whiskers from an overlaying tin layer. This paper reports on using nickel oxide films, obtained by a sol–gel dip coating method, as whisker suppressing sublayers. The proposed method is simple, low-cost, and can easily be scaled up for manufacturing purposes. The properties of the sol–gel deposited nickel oxide film were examined using SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. Samples containing the nickel oxide sublayer were observed through SEM periodically over several months to examine the surfaces for whisker development, and the results show that such layers can be very effective in suppressing whisker growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Materials and Devices 2021)
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Review

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20 pages, 1154 KiB  
Review
Comparison of Ferromagnetic Materials: Past Work, Recent Trends, and Applications
by Prithivi Rasaili, Nitin Kumar Sharma and Ajaya Bhattarai
Condens. Matter 2022, 7(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat7010012 - 24 Jan 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7105
Abstract
Despite our traditional concept-based understanding of ferromagnetism, an investigation of this phenomenon has revealed several other facts. Ferromagnetism was previously supposed to be exhibited by only a few elements. Subsequently, it was realized that specific elements with d- or f- orbitals demonstrated this [...] Read more.
Despite our traditional concept-based understanding of ferromagnetism, an investigation of this phenomenon has revealed several other facts. Ferromagnetism was previously supposed to be exhibited by only a few elements. Subsequently, it was realized that specific elements with d- or f- orbitals demonstrated this phenomenon. When elements without these orbitals exhibited ferromagnetism, intrinsic origin-based and structural defect-based theories were introduced. At present, nonmagnetic oxides, hexaborides of alkaline-earth metals, carbon structures, and nonmetallic non-oxide compounds are gaining significant attention owing to their potential applications in spintronics, electronics, biomedicine, etc. Therefore, herein, previous work, recent trends, and the applications of these materials and studies based on relevant topics, ranging from the traditional understanding of ferromagnetism to the most recent two-element-based systems, are reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Materials and Devices 2021)
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33 pages, 1584 KiB  
Review
Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors in Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Current Progress
by Sivakumar Rajagopal, Rameez Pulapparambil Vallikkattil, M. Mohamed Ibrahim and Dimiter Georgiev Velev
Condens. Matter 2022, 7(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat7010006 - 6 Jan 2022
Cited by 87 | Viewed by 9060
Abstract
For hybrid electric vehicles, supercapacitors are an attractive technology which, when used in conjunction with the batteries as a hybrid system, could solve the shortcomings of the battery. Supercapacitors would allow hybrid electric vehicles to achieve high efficiency and better power control. Supercapacitors [...] Read more.
For hybrid electric vehicles, supercapacitors are an attractive technology which, when used in conjunction with the batteries as a hybrid system, could solve the shortcomings of the battery. Supercapacitors would allow hybrid electric vehicles to achieve high efficiency and better power control. Supercapacitors possess very good power density. Besides this, their charge-discharge cycling stability and comparatively reasonable cost make them an incredible energy-storing device. The manufacturing strategy and the major parts like electrodes, current collector, binder, separator, and electrolyte define the performance of a supercapacitor. Among these, electrode materials play an important role when it comes to the performance of supercapacitors. They resolve the charge storage in the device and thus decide the capacitance. Porous carbon, conductive polymers, metal hydroxide, and metal oxides, which are some of the usual materials used for the electrodes in the supercapacitors, have some limits when it comes to energy density and stability. Major research in supercapacitors has focused on the design of stable, highly efficient electrodes with low cost. In this review, the most recent electrode materials used in supercapacitors are discussed. The challenges, current progress, and future development of supercapacitors are discussed as well. This study clearly shows that the performance of supercapacitors has increased considerably over the years and this has made them a promising alternative in the energy sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Materials and Devices 2021)
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