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Crystals
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High-Performance Metallic Materials
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High-Performance Metallic Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2025 | Viewed by 3844

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yunwei Gui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: additive manufacturing; machine learning; superalloys; microstructural control; severe plastic deformation
Dr. Lingxiao Ouyang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Interests: Mg alloys; laser processing; severe plastic deformation; microstructure tailoring
Prof. Dr. Sanbao Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: welding; additive manufacturing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To promote the sustainable development of society, it is crucial to develop new types of high-performance metallic materials. Moreover, advanced processing technologies are necessary in order to realize the performance of metal materials. In this Special Issue, we aim to receive papers that systematize processing–structure–property relationships in high-performance metallic materials through systematic examinations and analyses for macro-, micro-, and nano-structures evolved during the plastic deformation concomitant with both severe plastic deformation (i.e., cold and hot forging, rolling, extrusion, swaging, wire drawing, and hot pressing), as well as additive manufacturing. In addition, we are seeking studies that combine simulations and experiments to investigate high-performance metallic materials fabricated by advanced processing technology.

  1. The development of novel high functional metallic alloys;
  2. The high-temperature strength and plastic deformation of superalloys;
  3. The phase transformation and hot deformation behaviours of light metals (i.e., Mg and Al).
  4. The microstructural control and deformation processing of structural titanium alloys;
  5. The additive manufacturing and computer simulations of microstructural evolution.

Dr. Yunwei Gui
Dr. Lingxiao Ouyang
Prof. Dr. Sanbao Lin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • superalloys
  • light metals
  • additive manufacturing
  • severe plastic deformation
  • computer simulations

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3053 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning-Assisted Prediction of Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rate in Stainless Steel
by Peng Wang, Huanchun Wu, Xiangbing Liu and Chaoliang Xu
Crystals 2024, 14(10), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14100846 - 27 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1258
Abstract
Stainless-steel is extensively utilized in the key structural components of the main equipment in the nuclear island of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. The operational experience of nuclear power plants demonstrates that stress corrosion is one of the significant factors influencing the [...] Read more.
Stainless-steel is extensively utilized in the key structural components of the main equipment in the nuclear island of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. The operational experience of nuclear power plants demonstrates that stress corrosion is one of the significant factors influencing the long-term safe operation of stainless steel in the high-temperature water of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. This study is based on the stress corrosion crack growth rate data of 316SS and 304SS stainless steel in the simulated primary water environment of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. Data mining and modeling were conducted using multiple machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and the Sharpley Additive explanation (SHAP) method was employed to analyze the interpretability of the model. The results indicate that the stress corrosion crack growth rate prediction model based on XGBoost outperforms other models in all assessment indicators. Compared with empirical equations, XGBoost exhibits high flexibility and excellent data-driven learning capabilities. In the test set, 90% of the prediction errors are within the range of experimental values, with the maximum error multiple being 2.5, which significantly improves the prediction accuracy. Moreover, the distribution of SHAP values is consistent with the theoretical study of the stress corrosion behavior of stainless-steel, effectively reflecting the impact of cold working, temperature, and stress intensity factor on the stress corrosion crack growth rate, thereby proving the reliability of the model’s prediction results. The achievements of this study hold significant reference value and application prospects for the prediction of the stress corrosion behavior of stainless-steel in a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 9041 KiB  
Article
Effect of Cold Metal Transfer Welding Repair Parameters on the Forming for the Repair of Surface Defects of Cast Magnesium Alloy
by Zenghui Cai, Faming Shen, Qihao Chen, Zhien Chen, Yanfeng Cui, Tongge Shao, Bolun Dong, Sanbao Lin and Xiaoyu Cai
Crystals 2024, 14(8), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14080679 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1062
Abstract
It is of great significance in the field of engineering to repair the surface defects of ZM6 cast magnesium alloy by an arc welding method. Compared with the traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding repair technology, cold metal transfer (CMT) welding repair has [...] Read more.
It is of great significance in the field of engineering to repair the surface defects of ZM6 cast magnesium alloy by an arc welding method. Compared with the traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding repair technology, cold metal transfer (CMT) welding repair has the advantages of low heat input, small repair deformation, and high efficiency. It is of great research value to repair the surface defects of ZM6 cast magnesium alloy by CMT welding. In this paper, the effect of CMT welding repair parameters on defect repair forming is systematically studied, and a repair process window free of unfused defects is obtained. The effects of preheating temperature of base material, wire-feeding speed, welding speed, stick-out length of welding wire and shielding gas flow on the spread of magnesium alloy melt and weld formation were investigated by a surface surfacing method. During the welding process, a camera was used to capture images of the arc and droplet features. A pit defect with a depth of 11.5 mm was machined on the surface of the casting, and the effect of five different repair paths on the formation of the repair area was studied. In order to make the repair area have better fusion, reasonable repair parameters are as follows: The preheating temperature range is 310–450 °C, the wire-feeding speed range is 5–7 m/min, the welding speed range is 8–10 mm/s, the stick-out length of the welding wire is 12 mm, the shielding gas flow rate is 20 L/min, and the repair path adopts a continuous linear reciprocating welding path. This study has important significance for guiding the development of CMT repair technology of cast magnesium alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Metallic Materials)
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Review

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28 pages, 10098 KiB  
Review
A Short Review of Advancements in Additive Manufacturing of Cemented Carbides
by Zhe Zhao, Xiaonan Ni, Zijian Hu, Wenxin Yang, Xin Deng, Shanghua Wu, Yanhui Li, Guanglin Nie, Haidong Wu, Jinyang Liu and Yong Huang
Crystals 2025, 15(2), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15020146 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 357
Abstract
Cemented carbides, renowned for their exceptional strength, hardness, elastic modulus, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and chemical stability, have long been indispensable tooling materials in metal cutting, oil drilling, and engineering excavation. The advent of additive manufacturing (AM), commonly [...] Read more.
Cemented carbides, renowned for their exceptional strength, hardness, elastic modulus, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and chemical stability, have long been indispensable tooling materials in metal cutting, oil drilling, and engineering excavation. The advent of additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as “3D printing”, has sparked considerable interest in the processing of cemented carbides. Among the various AM techniques, Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM), and Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing (BJAM) have garnered frequent attention. Despite the great application potential of AM, no single AM technique has been universally adopted for the large-scale production of cemented carbides yet. The SLM and SEBM processes confront substantial challenges, such as a non-uniform sintering temperature field, which often result in uneven sintering and frequent post-solidification cracking. SLS notably struggles with achieving a high relative density of carbides. While BJAM yields WC-Co samples with a lower incidence of cracking, it is not without flaws, including abnormal WC grain growth, coarse WC clustering, Co-rich pool formation, and porosity. Three-dimensional gel-printing, though possessing certain advantages from its sintering performance, falls short in dimensional and geometric precision control, as well as fabrication efficiency. Cemented carbides produced via AM processes have yet to match the quality of their traditionally prepared counterparts. To date, the specific densification and microstructure evolution mechanisms during the AM process, and their interrelationship with the feedstock carbide material design, printing/sintering process, and resulting mechanical behavior, have not been thoroughly investigated. This gap in our knowledge impedes the rapid advancement of AM for carbide processing. This article offers a succinct overview of additive manufacturing of cemented carbides, complemented by an analysis of the current research landscape. It highlights the benefits and inherent challenges of these techniques, aiming to provide clarity on the present state of the AM processing of cemented carbides and to offer insights into potential future research directions and technological advancements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Metallic Materials)
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25 pages, 12464 KiB  
Review
Main Heat Treatments Currently Applied on Laser Powder Bed-Fused Scalmalloy®: A Review
by Emanuela Cerri, Lorenzo Curti and Emanuele Ghio
Crystals 2025, 15(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15010025 - 28 Dec 2024
Viewed by 741
Abstract
Scalmalloy® is an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy designed for the additive manufacturing of components used in various industrial applications. It is primarily used in aerospace and automotive fields due to its low density and high strength. The present brief review aims to outline the [...] Read more.
Scalmalloy® is an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy designed for the additive manufacturing of components used in various industrial applications. It is primarily used in aerospace and automotive fields due to its low density and high strength. The present brief review aims to outline the state-of-the-art heat treatments currently applied on the as-built Scalmalloy®. The as-built alloy shows yield strength values of 256–278 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 349–350 MPa, and elongation of 19.0–20.0% due to its bimodal microstructure, which is formed by fine and coarse grain zones. These microstructural features lead to an isotropic behaviour of the mechanical properties. Varying the process parameters, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength can reach values higher than 300 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively, maintaining an isotropic behaviour. After direct aging heat treatment (325 °C × 4 h), the yield and ultimate tensile strength values increase up to 456–469 MPa and 512–521 MPa, respectively, while the strain decreases to 12.0–13.0% due to phase precipitation in the α-Al matrix. Notably, the bimodal microstructure remains largely unchanged. The HIP treatment, carried out at 325 °C × 4 h with a pressure of 1000 bar, reduced the porosity (approximatively 0.18%), resulting in further improvements. The yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength rose to 482–493 MPa and 523–547 MPa, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Metallic Materials)
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