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Crystals
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Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Structures
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Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Structures

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 7217

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Lei Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: powder bed fusion; lattice structure; metamaterial; fatigue; finite element; robot-assisted additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mingkang Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
Interests: powder bed fusion; porous structure; multi-materials; gradient structure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Additive manufacturing enables complex structures, such as porous materials, including foam structures, honeycomb structures and lattice structures, to be manufactured, which can be customized with different mechanical properties according to different applications. Powder bed fusion (PBF) is the representative AM technology to fabricate complex structures with highly controllable geometries. It involves selective laser melting (SLM), selective laser sintering (SLS) and electron beam melting (EBM), depending on the heat sources and the raw materials. The influences of material types, topological types, geometric characteristics and process parameters on the mechanical properties of PBF structures are essential. It is of great research significance to reduce internal defects (porosity, cracks, etc.) and optimize the microstructure to improve mechanical properties. Furthermore, most of the acoustic/optical/mechanical metamaterials obtained by topology optimization can be realized by PBF samples, the related design principles and implementation schemes. In addition, the reliability, which is mainly related to the long-term service performance, of complex parts manufactured by PBF is critical for the actual application. All the above mentioned, as well as other relevant contents of  PBF, will be the topic of the proposed Special Issue. Contributions of analytical, numerical and experimental techniques for the study of PBF are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Lei Yang
Prof. Dr. Mingkang Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • microstructure and texture
  • XRD/SEM/TEM/EBSD
  • manufacturing fidelity
  • defect analysis
  • topology optimization
  • porous structure/cellular structure
  • bionic design
  • metamaterials
  • orthopedic, bone implant
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • fatigue properties
  • biopermeability
  • energy absorption capacity
  • impact protection
  • acoustic properties
  • stealth performance
  • multimaterials

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 5359 KiB  
Article
Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of an Additively Manufactured Nickel-Based Superalloy
by Ke Ma and Jinhai Wang
Crystals 2022, 12(10), 1358; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101358 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1707
Abstract
The nickel-based superalloys processed by additive manufacturing are very promising structural materials in aircraft engines as high-pressure turbine discs. In this work, a nickel-based superalloy with good mechanical performance and few defects was manufactured by optimized selective laser melting (SLM) processing. We then [...] Read more.
The nickel-based superalloys processed by additive manufacturing are very promising structural materials in aircraft engines as high-pressure turbine discs. In this work, a nickel-based superalloy with good mechanical performance and few defects was manufactured by optimized selective laser melting (SLM) processing. We then investigated the influences of post heat treatments on its microstructural characteristics and mechanical performance. The results indicated that a fine grain size with uniform grain orientation was presented in the as-printed nickel-based superalloy sample. After heat treatments, the grains were slightly grown and grain orientation was also changed. Under transmission electron microscopy, fine subgrains with an approximate size of 0.5 μm were found in the as-printed sample which accompanied massive dislocations and discontinuous Laves phases. After the post heat treatments, fine subgrains and less dislocations were retained. On the other hand, massive γ′ and γ″ precipitates with an orientation relationship of (001)[100]γ′//(100)[001]γ or (001)[100]γ″//(100)[001]γ were formed. As a result, the yield stress and tensile strength increased to 1362 and 1410 MPa, respectively, in a heat-treated sample, which retained the identical elongation of the as-printed specimen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Structures)
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10 pages, 2146 KiB  
Article
Enriching Semantics of Geometry Features and Parameters for Additive Manufacturing Peculiar Structure Based on STEP Standards
by Jinhua Xiao and Yang Lei
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081154 - 16 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1758
Abstract
Owing to the requirements of the AM system integration and standardization for an AM part structure, the AM features and parameters need to extend their related data entities for better information exchange and sharing based on STEP-NC Part 17 for additive manufacturing. In [...] Read more.
Owing to the requirements of the AM system integration and standardization for an AM part structure, the AM features and parameters need to extend their related data entities for better information exchange and sharing based on STEP-NC Part 17 for additive manufacturing. In this paper, we propose an architecture to transfer the manufacturing layer feature and process parameter information among the CAD/CAPP/CAM systems. We classify the AM layer features into four: general geometry feature, foam structure feature, honeycomb structure feature, and lattice structure feature. These features include detailed parameters and a physical performance that represent specific feature data with related entity definitions and relation descriptions. The process information specifies the optimal process parameters that provide the possibility for optimization data interoperability in various application systems. Based on the concepts of the manufacturing layer feature and process parameters in AM, we simultaneously present the specific STEP/STEP-NC-compliant data model to represent the AM layer feature and process parameter information exchange. Absolutely, we also give the conformance analysis and implementation for each application object and the data entities in the interoperability process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Structures)
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11 pages, 2975 KiB  
Article
Compressive Mechanics and Hyperelasticity of Ni-Ti Lattice Structures Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
by Cong Zhang, Jiulu Jin, Meng He and Lei Yang
Crystals 2022, 12(3), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030408 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3207
Abstract
Additively manufactured Ni-Ti lattice structures have controllable bio/mechanical properties, as well as excellent large deformation and damping properties similar to those of natural bone. They have broad application prospects in the field of bone implantation. Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures are believed [...] Read more.
Additively manufactured Ni-Ti lattice structures have controllable bio/mechanical properties, as well as excellent large deformation and damping properties similar to those of natural bone. They have broad application prospects in the field of bone implantation. Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures are believed to be the most potential and ideal bionic bone structures. In this work, Ni-Ti Gyroid-type TPMS lattice structures were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and their manufacturing fidelity and compression properties were evaluated. By changing the maximum strain value, the hyperelastic recovery performance under cyclic stress was investigated. The results showed that the Ni-Ti Gyroid lattice structures fabricated by SLM had excellent manufacturability (relative density can reach 98.93%) and mechanical properties (elastic modulus is about 130.8 MPa, ultimate strength is about 2.7 MPa). The hyperelastic cycle testing showed that the elastic modulus, yield strength and ultimate strength of the lattice structures tended to stablilize gradually with increasing numbers of cycles. The residual strain increased with the number of cycles, and as the maximum strain increased from 4% to 8%, the residual strain also increased from 1% to 4%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Structures)
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